Aerodynamics for Engineering Students

Preface

Chapter 1. Basic Concepts and Definitions

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Units and Dimensions

1.3 Relevant Properties

1.4 Aeronautical Definitions

1.5 Dimensional Analysis

1.6 Basic Aerodynamics

1.7 Exercises

Chapter 2. Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 One-Dimensional Flow: The Basic Equations

2.3 Measurement of Air Speed

2.4 Two-Dimensional Flow

2.5 Stream Function and Streamline

2.6 Momentum Equation

2.7 Rates of Strain, Rotational Flow, and Vorticity

2.8 Navier-Stokes Equations

2.9 Properties of the Navier-Stokes Equations

2.10 Exact Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations

2.11 Prandtl’s Boundary-Layer Equations

2.12 Boundary-Layer Equations

2.13 Exercises

Chapter 3. Potential Flow

3.1 Two-dimensional Flows

3.2 Standard Flows in Terms of ψ and ϕ

3.3 Axisymmetric Flows (Inviscid and Incompressible Flows)

3.4 Computational (Panel) Methods

3.5 Exercises

Chapter 4. Two-Dimensional Wing Theory

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Development of Airfoil Theory

4.3 General Thin-Airfoil Theory

4.4 Solution to the General Equation

4.5 The Flapped Airfoil

4.6 The Jet Flap

4.7 Normal Force and Pitching Moment Derivatives Due to Pitching

4.8 Particular Camber Lines

4.9 The Thickness Problem for Thin-Airfoil Theory

4.10 Computational (Panel) Methods for Two-Dimensional Lifting Flows

4.11 Exercises

Chapter 5. Wing Theory

5.1 The Vortex System

5.2 Laws of Vortex Motion

5.3 The Wing as a Simplified Horseshoe Vortex

5.4 Vortex Sheets

5.5 Relationship between Spanwise Loading and Trailing Vorticity

5.6 Determination of Load Distribution on a Given Wing

5.7 Swept and Delta Wings

5.8 Computational (Panel) Methods for Wings

5.9 Exercises

Chapter 6. Compressible Flow

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Isentropic One-Dimensional Flow

6.3 One-Dimensional Flow: Weak Waves

6.4 One-Dimensional Flow: Plane Normal Shock Waves

6.5 Mach Waves and Shock Waves in Two-Dimensional Flow

6.6 Mach Waves

6.7 Shock Waves

6.8 Exercises

Chapter 7. Airfoils and Wings in Compressible Flow

7.1 Wings in Compressible Flow

7.2 Exercises

Chapter 8. Viscous Flow and Boundary Layers

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Boundary-Layer Theory

8.3 Boundary-Layer Separation

8.4 Flow Past Cylinders and Spheres

8.5 The Momentum-Integral Equation

8.6 Approximate Methods for a Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate with Zero Pressure Gradient

8.7 Additional Examples of the Momentum-Integral Equation

8.8 Laminar-Turbulent Transition

8.9 The Physics of Turbulent Boundary Layers

8.10 Computational Methods

8.11 Estimation of Profile Drag from the Velocity Profile in a Wake

8.12 Some Boundary-Layer Effects in Supersonic Flow

8.13 Exercises

Chapter 9. Flow Control and Wing Design

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Maximizing Lift for Single-Element Airfoils

9.3 Multi-Element Airfoils

9.4 Boundary Layer Control Prevention to Separation

9.5 Reduction of Skin-Friction Drag

9.6 Reduction of Form Drag

9.7 Reduction of Induced Drag

9.8 Reduction of Wave Drag

Chapter 10. Propulsion Devices

10.1 Froude’s Momentum Theory of Propulsion

10.2 Airscrew Coefficients

10.3 Airscrew Pitch

10.4 Blade-Element Theory

10.5 The Momentum Theory Applied to the Helicopter Rotor

10.6 The Rocket Motor

10.7 The Hovercraft

10.8 Exercises

Appendix A. Symbols and Notation

Subscripts

Primes and Superscripts

Appendix B

Appendix C. A Solution of Integrals of the Type of Glauert’s Integral

Appendix D. Conversion of Imperial Units to Systéme International (SI) Units

Bibliography

Index