Anorexia

Former Editors

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One. Novel Neuropeptides in the Control of Food Intake

1 Introduction

2 Neuronostatin

3 Nesfatin-1

4 Conclusions

References

Chapter Two. Anorexia and Hypothalamic Degeneration

1 Introduction

2 The anx/anx Mouse

3 General Aspects of Mechanisms Underlying Weight Disturbances

4 Neurodegeneration and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Related to Eating Disorders in Humans

5 Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Three. The Role of Ghrelin in Anorexia–Cachexia Syndromes

1 Introduction

2 Discovery of Ghrelin

3 Ghrelin, GHS-R1a, and GOAT

4 Mechanisms of Action of Ghrelin

5 Ghrelin and Sarcopenia of Aging

6 Ghrelin and Cancer Cachexia

7 Ghrelin and COPD-Induced Cachexia

8 Ghrelin and Anorexia Nervosa

9 Ghrelin and CHF-Induced Cachexia

10 Ghrelin and ESRD

11 AIDS-Associated Cachexia

12 RA-Associated Cachexia

13 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Four. Ghrelin Gene Variants and Eating Disorders

1 Introduction

2 Ghrelin Signaling System

3 Physiological Functions of Ghrelin

4 Ghrelin and Eating Disorders

5 Ghrelin Gene Variants and Eating Disorders

6 Association of Ghrelin Polymorphisms with Anthropometry and Eating Pathology in Young Women

7 Association of Ghrelin Polymorphisms with Changes in Eating Disorder Phenotypes

8 Conclusions

References

Chapter Five. Steroid Metabolism and Excretion in Anorexia Nervosa

1 Introduction

2 Steroid Metabolism in Health

3 Steroid Metabolism in AN

4 Steroid Excretion in AN

5 Effects of Refeeding

6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Six. Anorexia Nervosa and Estrogen Receptors

1 Introduction

2 Anorexia Nervosa

3 Estrogens and Estrogen Receptors and Pathways

4 Estrogen and Anorexia

5 Human Genetics of Estrogen Pathway in Anorexia Nervosa

6 Conclusions

References

Chapter Seven. Cannabinoid Receptors and Cholecystokinin in Feeding Inhibition

1 Introduction: Peripheral Regulation of Food Intake: A Place for Endocannabinoids and Cholecystokinin

2 The Endocannabinoids and Feeding Regulation

3 CCK and Feeding Regulation

4 Interactions Between CCK and Endocannabinoid Receptors in the Regulation of Feeding

5 Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Eight. Treatment of Cachexia

1 Introduction

2 Molecular Mediators of Cachexia

3 Peripheral and Central Appetite Regulation

4 Cancer Cachexia

5 Cardiac Cachexia

6 Renal Cachexia

7 Other Cachexia

8 Summary of Treatment Effects

9 Future Directions

References

Chapter Nine. The Influence of Estrogen Therapies on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women with Anorexia Nervosa and Amenorrhea

1 Introduction

2 Estrogen Therapy and Bone Mass

3 Potential Clinical Drawbacks of Estrogen Therapy for Patients with AN

4 Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Bone Mineral Density

5 Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density

6 The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Estrogen on Bone Mineral Density

7 Implications

References

Chapter Ten. Clinical and Hormonal Variables Related to Bone Mass Loss in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

Further-Reading

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Eleven. Mechanism-Based Therapeutic Approaches to Cachexia

1 Introduction

2 Body and Tissue Wasting

3 Anorexia

4 Inflammation

5 Tissue Wasting in Cachexia: Hypoanabolism or Hypercatabolism?

6 From Mechanistic Alterations to Therapeutic Strategies

7 Nutritional Interventions

8 Anti-Inflammatory Strategies

9 Inhibition of Cytokine Production

10 Interference with Cytokine-Receptor Interaction

11 Strategies to Correct Metabolic Alterations

12 Conclusions

References

Chapter Twelve. Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia and Ghrelin

1 Introduction

2 Cisplatin-Induced Overproduction of 5-HT

3 Cisplatin, 5-HT-Induced Ghrelin Regulation

4 Treatment of Ghrelin- and Ghrelin Enhancer-Based, Cisplatin-Caused Dyspepsia

5 Conclusion

References

Chapter Thirteen. Anorexia of Aging

1 Introduction

2 Animal Studies

3 Human Studies

4 Anorexia of Aging May Result from the Imbalance of Catabolism and Anabolism: Convergence of Animal and Human Studies

5 Therapeutic Approaches to Overcome the Anorexia of Aging and Its Deleterious Effects on Body Functions

6 Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Index