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Computer Networks

A Systems Approach

Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, continues to provide an enduring, practical understanding of networks and their building blocks through rich, example-based instructi… Read more

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Description

Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, continues to provide an enduring, practical understanding of networks and their building blocks through rich, example-based instruction. This expanded and completely updated edition covers the why of network design, focusing not just the specifications comprising today's systems but how key technologies and protocols actually work in the real world to solve specific problems. It is the only introductory computer networking book written by authors who have had first-hand experience with many of the protocols discussed in the text, who have actually designed some of them as well, and who are still actively designing the computer networks today.

The book makes less use of computer code to explain protocols than earlier editions. Moreover, this new edition shifts the focus somewhat higher in the protocol stack where there is generally more innovative and exciting work going on at the application and session layers than at the link and physical layers. Other new features are: increased accessibility by clearly separating the advanced material from more fundamental via special headings and boxed features; the material is structured in such a way as to make it easier to teach top-down. Furthermore, the book outstrips the competitors in offering a more robust ancillary package for student and instructor support. The text is complemented with figures as well as links to networking resources on the Web and links to author-created materials on author-maintained Web site.

Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, will be an invaluable resource for networking professionals and upper level undergraduate and graduate students in CS, EE, and CSE programs.

Key features

  • Completely updated with new sidebar discussions that cover the deployment status of protocols described in the book.
  • Addition of sizeable number of new exercises and solutions.

Readership

Networking professionals and upper level undergraduate and graduate students in CS, EE, and CSE programs. The size of the audience in each of these market segments is approximately equal.

Table of contents

Foreword Foreword to the First EditionPreface Chapter 1: FoundationProblem: Building a Network 1.1 Applications 1.2 Requirements 1.2.1 Connectivity 1.2.2 Cost-Effective Resource Sharing1.2.3 Support for Common Services1.3 Network Architecture1.3.1 Layering and Protocols 1.3.2 OSI Architecture 1.3.3 Internet Architecture 1.4 Implementing Network Software 1.4.1 Application Programming Interface (Sockets) 1.4.2 Example Application 1.4.3 Protocol Implementation Issues1.5 Performance 1.5.1 Bandwidth and Latency 1.5.2 Delay × Bandwidth Product1.5.3 High-Speed Networks1.5.4 Application Performance Needs1.6 SummaryOpen Issue: Ubiquitous NetworkingFurther ReadingExercisesChapter 2: Direct Link NetworksProblem: Physically Connecting Hosts 2.1 Hardware Building Blocks 2.1.1 Nodes 2.1.2 Links2.2 Encoding (NRZ, NRZI, Manchester, 4B/5B)2.3 Framing2.3.1 Byte-Oriented Protocols (PPP) 2.3.2 Bit-Oriented Protocols (HDLC) 2.3.3 Clock-Based Framing (SONET) 2.4 Error Detection 2.4.1 Two-Dimensional Parity2.4.2 Internet Checksum Algorithm 2.4.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check 2.5 Reliable Transmission 2.5.1 Stop-and-Wait 2.5.2 Sliding Window 2.5.3 Concurrent Logical Channels 2.6 Ethernet (802.3) 2.6.1 Physical Properties 2.6.2 Access Protocol 2.6.3 Experience with Ethernet 2.7 Rings (802.5, FDDI, RPR) 2.7.1 Token Ring Media Access Control 2.7.2 Token Ring Maintenance 2.7.3 FDDI 2.7.4 Resilient Packet Ring (802.17) 2.8 Wireless 2.8.1 Bluetooth/802.15.1 2.8.2 802.11/Wi-Fi 2.8.3 802.16/WiMAX 2.8.4 Cell Phone Technologies 2.9 Summary Open Issue: Sensor Networks Further Reading Exercises Chapter 3: Packet SwitchingProblem: Not All Networks Are Directly Connected 3.1 Switching and Forwarding 3.1.1 Datagrams 3.1.2 Virtual Circuit Switching 3.1.3 Source Routing 3.2 Bridges and LAN Switches 3.2.1 Learning Bridges 3.2.2 Spanning Tree Algorithm 3.2.3 Broadcast and Multicast 3.2.4 Limitations of Bridges 3.3 Cell Switching (ATM) 3.3.1 Cells 3.3.2 Segmentation and Reassembly 3.3.3 Virtual Paths 3.3.4 Physical Layers for ATM 3.4 Implementation and Performance 3.4.1 Ports3.4.2 Fabrics 3.5 Summary Open Issue: The Future of Switching Further Reading Exercises Chapter 4: InternetworkingProblem: There Is More Than One Network 4.1 Simple Internetworking (IP) 4.1.1 What Is an Internetwork? 4.1.2 Service Model 4.1.3 Global Addresses 4.1.4 Datagram Forwarding in IP 4.1.5 Address Translation (ARP) 4.1.6 Host Configuration (DHCP) 4.1.7 Error Reporting (ICMP) 4.1.8 Virtual Networks and Tunnels 4.2 Routing 4.2.1 Network as a Graph 4.2.2 Distance Vector (RIP) 4.2.3 Link State (OSPF) 4.2.4 Metrics 4.2.5 Routing for Mobile Hosts 4.2.6 Router Implementation 4.3 Global Internet 4.3.1 Subnetting 4.3.2 Classless Routing (CIDR) 4.3.3 Interdomain Routing (BGP) 4.3.4 Routing Areas 4.3.5 IP Version 6 (IPv6) 4.4 Multicast 4.4.1 Multicast Addresses 4.4.2 Multicast Routing (DVMRP, PIM, MSDP) 4.5 Multiprotocol Label Switching 4.5.1 Destination-Based Forwarding 4.5.2 Explicit Routing 4.5.3 Virtual Private Networks and Tunnels 4.6 Summary Open Issue: Deployment of IPv6 Further Reading Exercises Chapter 5: End-to-End ProtocolsProblem: Getting Processes to Communicate 5.1 Simple Demultiplexer (UDP) 5.2 Reliable Byte Stream (TCP) 5.2.1 End-to-End Issues 5.2.2 Segment Format 5.2.3 Connection Establishment and Termination 5.2.4 Sliding Window Revisited 5.2.5 Triggering Transmission 5.2.6 Adaptive Retransmission 5.2.7 Record Boundaries 5.2.8 TCP Extensions 5.2.9 Alternative Design Choices 5.3 Remote Procedure Call 5.3.1 RPC Fundamentals 5.3.2 RPC Implementations (SunRPC, DCE) 5.4 Transport for Real-Time Applications (RTP) 5.4.1 Requirements 5.4.2 RTP Details 5.4.3 Control Protocol 5.5 Performance 5.6 Summary Open Issue: Application-Specific Protocols Further Reading Exercises Chapter 6: Congestion Control and Resource AllocationProblem: Allocating Resources 6.1 Issues in Resource Allocation 6.1.1 Network Model 6.1.2 Taxonomy 6.1.3 Evaluation Criteria 6.2 Queuing Disciplines 6.2.1 FIFO 6.2.2 Fair Queuing 6.3 TCP Congestion Control 6.3.1 Additive Increase/Multiplicative Decrease 6.3.2 Slow Start 6.3.3 Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery 6.4 Congestion-Avoidance Mechanisms 6.4.1 DECbit 6.4.2 Random Early Detection (RED) 6.4.3 Source-Based Congestion Avoidance 6.5 Quality of Service 6.5.1 Application Requirements 6.5.2 Integrated Services (RSVP) 6.5.3 Differentiated Services (EF, AF) 6.5.4 Equation-Based Congestion Control 6.6 Summary Open Issue: Inside versus Outside the Network Further Reading Exercises Chapter 7: End-to-End DataProblem: What Do We Do with the Data? 7.1 Presentation Formatting 7.1.1 Taxonomy 7.1.2 Examples (XDR, ASN.1, NDR) 7.1.3 Markup Languages (XML) 7.2 Data Compression 7.2.1 Lossless Compression Algorithms 7.2.2 Image Compression (JPEG) 7.2.3 Video Compression (MPEG) 7.2.4 Transmitting MPEG over a Network 7.2.5 Audio Compression (MP3) 7.3 Summary Open Issue: Computer Networks Meet Consumer Electronics Further Reading Exercises Chapter 8: Network SecurityProblem: Security Attacks 8.1 Cryptographic Tools 8.1.1 Principles of Ciphers 8.1.2 Symmetric-Key Ciphers 8.1.3 Public-Key Ciphers 8.1.4 Authenticators 8.2 Key Predistribution 8.2.1 Predistribution of Public Keys 8.2.2 Predistribution of Symmetric Keys 8.3 Authentication Protocols 8.3.1 Originality and Timeliness Techniques 8.3.2 Public-Key Authentication Protocols 8.3.3 Symmetric-Key Authentication Protocols 8.3.4 Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement 8.4 Secure Systems8.4.1 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)8.4.2 Secure Shell (SSH) 8.4.3 Transport Layer Security (TLS, SSL, HTTPS) 8.4.4 IP Security (IPsec) 8.4.5 Wireless Security (802.11i) 8.5 Firewalls 8.5.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of Firewalls 8.6 Summary Open Issue: Denial-of-Service Attacks Further Reading Exercises Chapter 9: ApplicationsProblem: Applications Need Their Own Protocols9.1 Traditional Applications9.1.1 Electronic Mail (SMTP, MIME, IMAP)9.1.2 World Wide Web (HTTP)9.1.3 Name Service (DNS)9.1.4 Network Management (SNMP)9.2 Web Services9.2.1 Custom Application Protocols (WSDL, SOAP)9.2.2 A Generic Application Protocol (REST)9.3 Multimedia Applications9.3.1 Session Control and Call Control (SDP, SIP, H.323)9.3.2 Resource Allocation for Multimedia Applications 9.4 Overlay Networks9.4.1 Routing Overlays 9.4.2 Peer-to-Peer Networks (Gnutella, BitTorrent) 9.4.3 Content Distribution Networks 9.5 Summary Open Issue: New Network ArchitectureFurther ReadingExercisesSolutions to Select ExercisesGlossaryBibliography

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About the authors

LP

Larry L. Peterson

Larry Peterson is the Robert E. Kahn Professor of Computer Science, Emeritus at Princeton University, where he served as Chair from 2003-2009. His research focuses on the design, implementation, and operation of Internet-scale distributed systems, including the widely used PlanetLab and MeasurementLab platforms. He currently serves as the CTO of the Open Networking Foundation (ONF), where he works on open source software at the intersection of access networks and the edge cloud. Professor Peterson is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the ACM and the IEEE, the 2010 recipient of the IEEE Kobayashi Computer and Communication Award, and the 2013 recipient of the ACM SIGCOMM Award. He received his Ph.D. degree from Purdue University in 1985.
Affiliations and expertise
Open Networking Foundation

BD

Bruce S. Davie

Bruce Davie is VP and CTO for VMware, APJ. He joined VMware as part of the Nicira acquisition, and was Networking CTO until 2017. He has over 30 years of industry experience, and was a Cisco Fellow prior to joining Nicira. He has contributed to many networking standards and authored several networking textbooks. Bruce received his Ph. D. in computer science from the University of Edinburgh in 1988 and is an ACM Fellow.
Affiliations and expertise
VMware, APJ