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Conceptual Breakthroughs in Comparative Animal Physiology

  • 1st Edition - October 1, 2026
  • Latest edition
  • Authors: James Hicks, Tobias Wang
  • Language: English

Conceptual Breakthroughs in Comparative Animal Physiology tells a story of innate human curiosity about the natural world, and a deeply creative discipline, shaped by varied… Read more

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Description

Conceptual Breakthroughs in Comparative Animal Physiology tells a story of innate human curiosity about the natural world, and a deeply creative discipline, shaped by varied environments, unusual organisms, elegant experiments, and the persistent effort to understand how animals work and why they work the way they do; and along the way discovery of “adaptations and mechanisms of the most surprising character”.

Written by two leading experts in the field, each chapter reflects on the origins of ideas and the approach of turning natural diversity into experimental design. From deserts to oceans, from the anoxia-tolerant animals to endothermic insects, from deep-diving mammals to the integration of ‘omics’; each chapter follows the discoveries and people who were compelled to modify their view of "what life can do". The chapters also highlight the long-term influence of key conceptual breakthroughs, demonstrating how insights from comparative physiology have shaped not only the field itself but also, ecology, evolution, and engineering. As scientists strive to understand the complexity of, the book underscores the inherit integrative nature of, revealing a process that strives to connects genes to organisms and organisms to environments, and providing a framework understanding the diversity of life. This is an essential resource for undergraduates, graduate students and researchers interested in physiology with its comprehensive synopsis on the field’s foundational history and significant advances.

Key features

  • Provides a single-source, historical overview of the field
  • Examines more than 70 significant achievements in the history of comparative animal physiology
  • Written in a comprehensive and easy-to-read format

Readership

Advanced graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, and specialists in evolutionary biology and evolutionary studies

Table of contents

  1. 1878: Claude Bernard and “la fixité du milieu intérieur
  2. 1910 -1961: From Reflexes to Rhythms: The Discovery of Central Pattern Generators
  3. 1914 -1948: The Concept of Critical Oxygen Tension (PcritO2) and the limits of aerobic metabolism
  4. 1929: Homeostasis and the “Wisdom of the Body”
  5. 1929: The Progress of Physiology: August Krogh at the 1929 Congress
  6. 1930 – 1935 Physiology of the Estivating Lungfish: Ecological and Evolutionary Insights
  7. 1930- 1938: The Foundations of Osmoregulation in Aquatic Vertebrates: Early Discoveries in Teleost Fish and Elasmobranchs
  8. 1931 – 1963: The History of Oxygen Secretion in the Fish Swim Bladder
  9. 1932: From Mouse to Elephant: How Kleiber Transformed Our Understanding of Metabolism
  10. 1933: James Gray and the Foundations of Animal Movement
  11. 1935-1949: Krogh and Ussing: The Early Use of Isotopes in Biology
  12. 1936-1961: Cryoprotectants in Comparative Physiology: Convergent Strategies for Life Below Zero
  13. 1939-1942: The Master Switch of Life
  14. 1940-1963: Pioneers of Desert Physiology: The Early Comparative Studies of Water Economy in Mammals
  15. 1941: Myogenic Endothermy in Insects: The mechanism of flight preparation
  16. 1944 The Desert Laboratory: Discovering Reptile Thermoregulation in the Coachella Valley
  17. 1944 - 1950: Breathing in Bursts: Discontinuous gas exchange in insects
  18. 1947: The Fry Paradigm: A Framework for Animal Activity
  19. 1948: Hibernation: connection between metabolism and body temperature
  20. 1949: Beyond One Spike, One Twitch: The Discovery of Asynchronous Muscle
  21. 1950: Coulson and Hernandez and the Alkaline Tide: Acid–Base Physiology in Postprandial Vertebrates
  22. 1950: Thermal Adaptations in Arctic and Tropical Mammals and Birds
  23. 1954: Oxygen Without Red Blood Cells, Life Without Freezing: The Polar Fish Experiment
  24. 1955-1957: Irving, Scholander and the Arctic Lesson: How Vessels Conserve Heat
  25. 1955-1975: The doubly labeled water technique: measuring field energetics
  26. 1958: Beyond the Kidney: The Salt Glands of Marine Birds and Reptiles
  27. 1963: Homeostasis in the Field: The Water Economy of Birds
  28. 1963: Ignition Point: How Arousal from Hibernation Unveiled a Thermogenic Organ
  29. 1963-1993: The Big Four in Comparative Locomotion, Inverted pendulums, running springs, elastic energy storage and dynamic similarity
  30. 1966-67: The Role of the Hypothalamus in Thermoregulation: Contributions from Comparative Physiology
  31. 1966: Low PaCO₂: The Signature Physiology of Water Breathers
  32. 1966: How Regional and Facultative Endothermy Transformed the Study of Ectothermic Physiology
  33. 1966: Cardiac Shunts: Mechanisms and Functional Significance
  34. 1966-1972: Cooling the Brain: Countercurrent Exchange and the Carotid Rete
  35. 1966: From Whalers’ Lines to Time–Depth Recorders: Tracing the Limits of Marine Mammal Diving
  36. 1968-1972: Anaerobic Scope and Anaerobic Capacity in Ectotherms
  37. 1968- 1974: The Mystery of Exercise Hyperpnea and the Role of Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptors
  38. 1966-1968: Life Without Oxygen: Metabolic Depression and the Anoxic Turtle
  39. 1970-1975: Comparative Respiratory Physiology and the Göttingen Models
  40. 1972: Fish Gills Under Competing Demands: Oxygen Uptake vs. Ionic Balance
  41. 1970-1972: The Cost of Transport: A Unifying Measure for Animal Locomotion
  42. 1972: The Buffalo Curve and The Alpha-stat Hypothesis
  43. 1971-72: Avian Gas Exchange: Countercurrent vs. Crosscurrent Mechanisms in Bird Lungs
  44. 1973: Torkel Weis-Fogh: Discovering the Clap-and-Fling Mechanism
  45. 1973-2002: Biochemical Adaptation: A Serendipitous Collaboration that Shaped a Discipline
  46. 1974-1985: Keeping Membranes Fluid: The Discovery of Homeoviscous Adaptations to Temperature and Pressure
  47. 1975: Behavioral Fever and Survival- the Logic of Fever
  48. 1977-1983: The Worms that Changed our View of Life: Chemoautotrophy at Hydrothermal Vents
  49. 1979: Maximum Metabolic Rate and the Making of Endotherms: The Aerobic Capacity Hypothesis
  50. 1980: Breath-Hold Boundaries: Defining the Aerobic Dive Limit
  51. 1980: “Drunken” Goldfish: ETOH production during anoxia
  52. 1981-1994: The Rediscovery of Safety Factors as a Principle of Form and Function
  53. 1981: Strong Ion Difference: Rethinking Acid–Base Balance Beyond Bicarbonate
  54. 1981: Symmorphosis: Economy of Design in the Oxygen Transport Cascade
  55. 1982: Norbert Heisler: preferential regulation of intracellular pH
  56. 1982: Discovering Adrenergic Control of Red Blood Cells: The Na⁺/H⁺ Exchange Mechanism
  57. 1985: Turning Down the Heat: Comparative Patterns of Hypoxia-Induced Anapyrexia
  58. 1985: A New Way to See Muscle Work: Josephson’s Work-Loop Insight
  59. 1986: Cold Limits, Oxygen Limits: Channel Arrest as a Unifying Strategy
  60. 1987: Charting a New Course: "New Directions in Ecological Physiology"
  61. 1987: Solvent Drag and Sugar Flow: The Paracellular Pathway for Glucose
  62. 2000: The Rediscovery of Evolutionary Physiology
  63. 1990: Why Animals Don’t Burn Out: The Hidden Boundaries of Sustained Metabolism
  64. 1985-1994: Beyond Just-So Stories: Phylogenies and the Comparative Method
  65. 1994-1998: The Dynamic Cost of Eating: Specific Dynamic Action and the Rise of the “Dynamic Gut” in Comparative Physiology
  66. 1997-2003: Beyond Plasticity: The Dynamics of Phenotypic Flexibility
  67. 2001: Gene Expression Profiling in Non-model Organisms: The Introduction of ‘omics’ to Comparative Physiology
  68. 2001-2008: Limits to Life and The Ongoing Debate on Oxygen, Temperature, and Tolerance
  69. 2006: From Physiological Ecology to Conservation Physiology: Mechanisms with a Mission
  70. 2010: Beyond Birds: Unidirectional Airflow in the Reptilian Lung

Product details

  • Edition: 1
  • Latest edition
  • Published: October 1, 2026
  • Language: English

About the authors

JH

James Hicks

Dr. James Hicks currently serves as a Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California Irvine. He received his M.S. in Biology and later his Ph.D. in Biomedical Sciences from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Dr Hicks is a member of the American Physiological Society, the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and the Society for Experimental Biology. He has authored and contributed to numerous publications on animal physiology and ecology. Internationally, he is currently a member of the Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the University of Aarhus in Denmark.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

TW

Tobias Wang

Dr. Tobias Wang is a professor of Zoophysiology at Aarhus University. He is interested in how animals function and how they have adapted to the environments where they live. Being trained as a biologist, he takes an evolutionary approach to understand the evolution of physiological systems amongst vertebrates, and collaborate widely with medical physiologist and molecular biologists in my studies on heart function in various animals.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark