Functional Finishes for Textiles

1: Functional finishes for textiles: an overview

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Types of functional finishes
• 1.3 Finishes for improving comfort and performance
• 1.4 Finishes for protecting wearers and textiles
• 1.5 Future trends and challenges
• 1.6 Conclusion

Part One: Improving comfort and performance

2: Thermal regulation finishes for textiles

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Mechanisms of thermal regulation in textiles
• 2.3 Phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal regulation
• 2.4 Storage of PCMs for thermal regulation
• 2.5 Supercooling and thermal conductivity
• 2.6 Application of PCMs and PCM based products to textiles
• 2.7 Testing the effectiveness of finishes
• 2.8 Market profile and commercial application areas
• 2.9 Future trends and challenges
• 2.10 Conclusion

3: Moisture management and soil release finishes for textiles

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Mechanisms of moisture management and soil release
• 3.3 Chemistry and application methods
• 3.4 Testing the effectiveness of finishes
• 3.5 Future trends and challenges
• 3.6 Conclusion
• References

4: Softening finishes for textiles and clothing

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Mechanisms of softening
• 4.3 Types of softeners and methods of application
• 4.4 Recent advances in softening finishes
• 4.5 Application of softening finishes on textiles
• 4.6 Evaluation of softening finishes
• 4.7 Future trends and challenges
• 4.8 Conclusion
• References

5: Enzymatic biofinishes for synthetic textiles

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Enzymatic biofinishing of polyester fibres
• 5.3 Enzymatic biofinishing of polyamide fibres
• 5.4 Enzymatic biofinishing of acrylic fibres
• 5.5 Future trends
• 5.6 Conclusion
• 5.8 Acknowledgements
• References

6: Commercial shrink-resist finishes for wool

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Dimensional stability of wool products
• 6.3 Continuous felt-resist treatment of wool
• 6.4 Batchwise felt-resist treatment of wool
• 6.5 Quality assurance and accreditation of felt-resist processes
• 6.6 Blending wool with other fibres
• 6.7 Future trends
• 6.8 Conclusion
• References

7: Easy care finishes for textiles

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Formaldehyde based crosslinking agents
• 7.3 Low formaldehyde crosslinking agents
• 7.4 Formaldehyde free crosslinking agents
• 7.5 Applications of easy care finishes
• 7.6 Methods to determine easy care behaviour
• 7.7 Health, safety and environmental aspects
• 7.8 Future trends
• 7.9 Conclusion
• References

8: Self cleaning finishes for textiles

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Superhydrophobicity and self cleaning
• 8.3 Superhydrophobic structures in nature
• 8.4 Creating superhydrophobic surfaces on textiles
• 8.5 Challenges in the development of superhydrophobic surfaces
• 8.6 Non-textile applications of superhydrophobic surfaces
• 8.7 Photocatalysis using TiO₂ for self cleaning
• 8.8 TiO₂ based self cleaning treatments for textiles
• 8.9 TiO₂ photocatalysis versus superhydrophobicity
• 8.10 Future trends
• 8.11 Conclusion

9: Superabsorbent finishes for textiles

• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Types of superabsorbent finishes and methods of application
• 9.3 Superabsorbency mechanisms
• 9.4 End uses and technical applications
• 9.5 Testing the effectiveness of superabsorbent finishes
• 9.6 Future trends and challenges
• 9.7 Conclusion
• 9.8 Sources of further information and advice
• References

10: Medical, cosmetic and odour resistant finishes for textiles

• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Different techniques for functionalising textiles
• 10.3 Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies
• 10.4 Applications of medical textiles
• 10.5 Applications of cosmetotextiles
• 10.6 Applications of odour resistant textiles
• 10.7 Performance analysis and safety aspects
• 10.8 Future trends
• 10.9 Conclusion
• References

Part Two: Protecting wearers and textiles

11: Insect repellent finishes for textiles

• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Mechanisms of repellent action
• 11.3 Types of insect repellent finishes
• 11.4 Development of insect repellent textiles
• 11.5 Testing the effectiveness of finishes
• 11.6 Future trends and challenges
• 11.7 Conclusion
• References

12: Antimicrobial finishes for textiles

• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Types of antimicrobial finishes
• 12.3 Methods of application
• 12.4 Mechanism of antimicrobial finishes
• 12.5 Evaluation of antimicrobial finishing
• 12.6 Troubleshooting for antimicrobial finishes
• 12.7 Future trends and challenges
• 12.8 Conclusion
• 12.9 Sources of further information and advice
• References

13: Hydrophobic and oleophobic finishes for textiles

• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Mechanism and chemistry of hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces
• 13.3 Hydrophobic and oleophobic textiles
• 13.4 Overview of testing methods
• 13.5 Future trends and challenges
• 13.6 Conclusion
• 13.7 Acknowledgements
• References

14: Flame retardant finishes for textiles

• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Mode of action of flame retardants
• 14.3 Developments in flame retardant chemicals
• 14.4 Flame retardant treatments
• 14.5 Applications of flame retardant textiles
• 14.6 Assessing the flame retardancy of textiles
• 14.7 Regulations for coated textiles
• 14.8 Future trends and challenges
• 14.9 Conclusion
• References

15: Ultraviolet protection finishes for textiles

• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Mechanisms of UV protection
• 15.3 Chemistry and mechanisms of UV protection finishes
• 15.4 UV protection finishing for various textile structures
• 15.5 Nanotechnology based UV protection finishing
• 15.6 Test methods for efficacy of UV protection finishes
• 15.7 Future trends and challenges
• 15.8 Conclusion
• References

16: Radiation protection finishes for textiles

• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Electromagnetic radiation: exposure sources and effects
• 16.3 Shielding mechanism and evaluation of radiation protection
• 16.4 Types of finishes for ionizing radiation shielding
• 16.5 Types of finishes for non-ionizing radiation shielding
• 16.6 Textile finishing durability
• 16.7 Future trends and challenges
• 16.8 Conclusion
• 16.9 Acknowledgements
• References

17: Antistatic and electrically conductive finishes for textiles

• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Electrostatic phenomena
• 17.3 Electrical resistivity and conductivity
• 17.4 Theory of electrostatic charge
• 17.5 Mechanisms of charge dissipation on insulating surfaces
• 17.6 Effect of static charge
• 17.7 Electrostatic measurement methods
• 17.8 Static control in textile fibres
• 17.9 Antistatic finishing agents and finishes
• 17.10 Applications of antistatic and electrically conductive textiles
• 17.11 Future trends and challenges
• 17.12 Conclusion
• 17.13 Sources of further information and advice

18: Biological and chemical protective finishes for textiles

• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 Mechanisms and chemistry of protective finishes
• 18.3 Types of finishes and application methods
• 18.4 Challenges involved in textile application
• 18.5 Testing the safety and effectiveness of finishes
• 18.6 Future trends and challenges
• 18.7 Conclusion
• References

19: Ballistic and impact protection finishes for textiles

• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Mechanisms of protection
• 19.3 Types of protective finishes
• 19.4 Application of protective finishes and the challenges
• 19.5 Testing the effectiveness of finishes
• 19.6 Future trends and challenges
• 19.7 Conclusion
• References

20: Environmental and safety issues regarding functional finishes

• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Legal demands
• 20.3 Requirements for cosmetotextiles
• 20.4 Requirements related to nanotechnologies
• 20.5 Demands from consumers: ecolabels
• 20.6 Improving the environmental profile
• 20.7 Conclusion
• 20.8 Sources of further information and advice
• References