Handbook of Biofuels
- 1st Edition - October 31, 2021
- Latest edition
- Editor: Sanjay Sahay
- Language: English
Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond in… Read more
Description
Description
Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond introducing current approaches and possible future directions of research, this title covers sources and processing of raw materials to downstream processing, constraints involved and research approaches to address and overcome these needs. Different combinations of products from the biorefinery are included, along with the material to answer questions surrounding the optimum process conditions for conversion of different feedstocks to bioenergy, the basis for choosing conversion technology, and what bioenergy products make economic sense.
With chapters on the techno-economic analysis of biofuel production and concepts and step-by-step approaches in bioenergy processing, the objective of this book is to present a comprehensive and all-encompassing reference about bioenergy to students, teachers, researchers and professionals.
Key features
Key features
- Reviews all existing and emerging technologies surrounding the production of advanced biofuels, including biodiesel and bioethanol
- Includes biofuel applications with compatible global application case studies
- Offers new pathways for converting biomass
Readership
Readership
Academics, students and researchers in Biotechnology and Bioenergy
Table of contents
Table of contents
A. Introduction
1. An economic analysis of biofuels: policies, trade, and employment opportunities
1.1 Introduction and the current scenario
1.2 Issues and limitations related to biofuel production: first-versus next-generation biofuels
1.3 Biofuel policies in action
1.4 International trade of biofuels
1.5 Poverty, welfare, and employment aspects of biofuel production
1.6 Concluding comments
References
Further reading
2. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production: concept, steps, and tools
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Necessity of biofuels
2.3 Different tools for technoeconomic analysis
2.4 Different process for downstream separation of bio-EtOH
2.5 Case study: PI achieved using novel multistaged membrane scheme for biofuels production
2.6 Conclusion
References
B. Bioenergy: Potential feedstock
3. Plants: a sustainable platform for second-generation biofuels and biobased chemicals
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biomass composition and primary platform chemicals
3.3 Biotechnological approaches to improve plants for various applications
References
Further reading
4. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Potential natural energy plants (crops)
4.3 Biomass feedstocks for biorefinery use
4.4 Genetic applications to improve productivity
4.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
5. Algal biorefinery: technoeconomic analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microalgae
5.3 Microalgal biorefinery
5.4 Technoeconomic analysis
5.5 Analytical tools
5.6 Case study
5.7 Conclusions
References
Further reading
6. Tapping wastewater resource: why and how?
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wastewater treatment and resource recovery
6.3 Wastewater
6.4 Nutrients recovery from wastewater
6.5 Emerging wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery technologies
6.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
7. Bioenergy from food waste
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Circular economy in bioenergy
7.3 Sources of food wastes, global status, and their energy values
7.4 Food waste to bioenergy production
7.5 Techniques for the production of bioenergy
7.6 Value-added products from food wastes
7.7 Future perspectives
7.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
C. Bioethanol: 2G and 3G
8. Biorefinery involving terrestrial and marine lignocellulosics: concept, potential, and current status
8.1 Biorefinery: an emerging concept
8.2 Biomass for biorefineries: availability, cost, and supply logistics
8.3 Biorefinery technologies for energy security and renewable chemicals: concept, potential, and current status
8.4 Challenges in accomplishing the goal
8.5 Environmental impact of biorefineries
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Decongestion of lignocellulosics: critical assessment of physicochemical approaches
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Lignocellulose structure
9.3 Physical and chemical pretreatment methods
9.4 Physicochemical methods
9.5 Conclusion and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
10. Deconstruction of lignocellulosics: potential biological approaches
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Physicochemical features of LCB
10.3 Need for pretreatment
10.4 Available pretreatment methods
10.5 Nonbiological versus biological pretreatment methods
10.6 Objectives of biological pretreatment
10.7 Tools of biological pretreatment
10.8 Biological approaches to pretreat LCB
10.9 Importance of biological approaches
10.10 Factors affecting biological pretreatment
10.11 Conclusion
References
Further reading
11. Lignin: value addition is key to profitable biomass biorefinery
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Lignocellulose biomass compositions
11.3 Sources and types of lignin
11.4 Lignin fragmentation
11.5 Biological processing of lignin
11.6 Current application of lignin
11.7 The economic perspective of lignin
11.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
12. Downstream process: toward cost/energy effectiveness
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Selection of economical feedstocks
12.3 Novel approaches for biomass utilization for Bio-EtOH production
12.4 Tradition routes used for the production of biofuels
12.5 Different traditional routes of downstream processing of bio-EtOH and their limitations
12.6 Potential of novel membrane-based separation technology
12.7 Downstream processing using membrane-based separation technology
12.8 A novel concept of a membrane-integrated hybrid system for downstream processing
12.9 Conclusions and prospects
References
13. Process integration: hurdles and approaches to overcome
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Reaction improvements leading to reduced energy consumption
13.3 Heat recovery in bioethanol processes
13.4 Thermal integration of distillation columns
13.5 Combined heat and power
13.6 Process development challenges
13.7 Conclusions
References
14. Community-level second-generation bioethanol plant: a case study focused on a safety issue
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The case study: the bioethanol production plant
14.3 Hazards related to bioethanol: the flammability
14.4 Pool fire: predictive models of thermal radiation
14.5 The case study: pool fire deriving from pump leakage
14.6 Bioethanol pool fire: results and discussion
14.7 Conclusions
List of abbreviations
References
15. Third-generation bioethanol: status, scope, and challenges
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Bioethanol production from algal biomass
15.3 Case study: bioethanol from Enteromorpha intestinalis
15.4 Economic prospects of macroalgae biorefinery
15.5 Scope for further research
15.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
D. Biobutanol: renewed interest
16. Biobutanol, the forgotten biofuel candidate: latest research and future directions
16.1 Advantages of biobutanol production
16.2 Microbial producers
16.3 Feedstocks for butanol production
16.4 Strain improvement
16.5 Process improvement
16.6 Conclusions
References
E. Biodiesel: potential sources and prospect
17. Algal biodiesel: technology, hurdles, and future directions
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biodiesel
17.3 Technologies for biodiesel production
17.4 Solvents used for oil extraction
17.5 Hurdles
17.6 Future prospects
References
Further reading
18. Microbial biodiesel: a comprehensive study toward sustainable biofuel production
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Fundamentals of biodiesel processing techniques
18.3 Microbial lipid synthesis using various types of oleaginous microorganisms
18.4 Summary and future prospects
References
Further reading
19. Assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit—a potential alternative for sustainable future
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Biodiesel production methodology
19.3 Commercial-level biodiesel units
19.4 Farm-level biodiesel units
19.5 Life cycle assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit
19.6 Case studies conducted across the globe for analysis of the feasibility of farm-level biodiesel production units
19.7 Future prospective and challenges
References
F. Biohydrogen: The cleanest fuel
20. Biohydrogen: potential applications, approaches, and hurdles to overcome
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Various feedstocks for biohydrogen
20.3 Biohydrogen generation from biophotolysis
20.4 Potential applications of biohydrogen
20.5 Challenges associated with biohydrogen
20.6 Approaches to overcome the challenges related to biohydrogen
20.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
21. Biological routes of hydrogen production: critical assessment
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Mechanism of biological H2 production
21.3 Routes of biohydrogen production
21.4 Substrates as feedstocks for biohydrogen
21.5 Technical challenges of biological routes
21.6 Strategies to enhance microbial hydrogen production
21.7 Future perspectives and conclusion
References
22. Thermochemical routes applying biomass: critical assessment
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Circular economy approach to sustainability
22.3 Thermochemical valorization processes for biomass
22.4 Challenges and future prospects
22.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
23. Splitting of water: biological and nonbiological approaches
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Hydrogen production
23.3 Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production
23.4 Water-splitting approaches
23.5 Biological approaches
23.6 Nonbiological approaches
23.7 Conclusion and future aspects
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
G. Biogas: the decentralised fuel
24. Decentralized biogas plants: status, prospects, and challenges
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The role of renewable energy
24.3 Biogas formation process
24.4 Factors controlling anaerobic digestion
24.5 Anaerobic digesters
24.6 Types of organic matter used as feedstock to biodigesters
24.7 Biogas technology overview and status
24.8 The history of biogas
24.9 Potential of small-scale biogas plants to improve livelihood
24.10 Challenges to biogas commercialization in developing countries (e.g., African countries) and possible measures
24.11 Challenges of small-scale digesters penetration
24.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
25. Biogas: microbiological research to enhance efficiency and regulation
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Conceptual framework
25.3 Process parameters
25.4 Practices to enhance efficiency and regulation of anaerobic digestion
25.5 Research and development agenda for enhancing efficiency and regulation of AD
25.6 Conclusion
References
Further reading
H. Syngas
26. Biogas technology implementation in rural areas: a case study of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Objectives
26.3 Study area
26.4 Methods
26.5 Findings
26.6 Challenges of biogas technology penetration in rural areas
26.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
27. A biotechnological overview of syngas fermentation
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Syngas as feedstock
27.3 Syngas fermentation
27.4 Conclusion
References
I. Bioelectricity
28. Biofuel cell: existing formats, production level, constraints, and potential uses
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Production levels of bioelectricity through microbial fuel cells
28.3 Production levels of hydrogen and other fuels employing microbial electrolysis cells
28.4 Biofuel production level using microbial carbon-capture cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells
28.5 Potential uses of microbial electrochemical technologies
28.6 Major constraints and future outlook
28.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
29. Enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells: current developments and future directions
29.1 Introduction
29.2 A brief history of biofuel cell development
29.3 Types of biofuel cells
29.4 Characteristics of enzymatic and microbial fuel cells
29.5 Recent development and new approaches in enzymatic as well as microbial fuel cell
29.6 Application and challenges
29.7 Future aspect of biofuel cells
References
30. Biomass-based electrification
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Advantages of biomass-based electrification
30.3 Primary routes for biomass-based electrification
30.4 Economics of biomass-based electrification
30.5 Biomass-based electrification in India: prospects and challenges
30.6 Conclusions
References
Further reading
J. New directions
31. Nanotechnological interventions in biofuel production
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Production around the globe
31.3 Biofuel production
31.4 Challenges in biofuel production
31.5 Nanotechnology in biofuel production
31.6 Nanocellulose in biofuel production
31.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
32. Carbon dioxide capture for biofuel production
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Carbon capture and storage
32.3 Microbial application for biofuels
32.4 Carbon dioxide capture using microalgae
32.5 Carbon concentrating mechanism
32.6 Biofuels
32.7 Value-added products
32.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
Further reading
33. Solar intervention in bioenergy
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Solar intervention in biodiesel production
33.3 Solar intervention in bioethanol production
33.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
34. The pursuits of solar application for biofuel generation
34.1 Introduction
References
Further reading
1. An economic analysis of biofuels: policies, trade, and employment opportunities
1.1 Introduction and the current scenario
1.2 Issues and limitations related to biofuel production: first-versus next-generation biofuels
1.3 Biofuel policies in action
1.4 International trade of biofuels
1.5 Poverty, welfare, and employment aspects of biofuel production
1.6 Concluding comments
References
Further reading
2. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production: concept, steps, and tools
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Necessity of biofuels
2.3 Different tools for technoeconomic analysis
2.4 Different process for downstream separation of bio-EtOH
2.5 Case study: PI achieved using novel multistaged membrane scheme for biofuels production
2.6 Conclusion
References
B. Bioenergy: Potential feedstock
3. Plants: a sustainable platform for second-generation biofuels and biobased chemicals
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biomass composition and primary platform chemicals
3.3 Biotechnological approaches to improve plants for various applications
References
Further reading
4. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Potential natural energy plants (crops)
4.3 Biomass feedstocks for biorefinery use
4.4 Genetic applications to improve productivity
4.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
5. Algal biorefinery: technoeconomic analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microalgae
5.3 Microalgal biorefinery
5.4 Technoeconomic analysis
5.5 Analytical tools
5.6 Case study
5.7 Conclusions
References
Further reading
6. Tapping wastewater resource: why and how?
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wastewater treatment and resource recovery
6.3 Wastewater
6.4 Nutrients recovery from wastewater
6.5 Emerging wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery technologies
6.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
7. Bioenergy from food waste
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Circular economy in bioenergy
7.3 Sources of food wastes, global status, and their energy values
7.4 Food waste to bioenergy production
7.5 Techniques for the production of bioenergy
7.6 Value-added products from food wastes
7.7 Future perspectives
7.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
C. Bioethanol: 2G and 3G
8. Biorefinery involving terrestrial and marine lignocellulosics: concept, potential, and current status
8.1 Biorefinery: an emerging concept
8.2 Biomass for biorefineries: availability, cost, and supply logistics
8.3 Biorefinery technologies for energy security and renewable chemicals: concept, potential, and current status
8.4 Challenges in accomplishing the goal
8.5 Environmental impact of biorefineries
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Decongestion of lignocellulosics: critical assessment of physicochemical approaches
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Lignocellulose structure
9.3 Physical and chemical pretreatment methods
9.4 Physicochemical methods
9.5 Conclusion and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
10. Deconstruction of lignocellulosics: potential biological approaches
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Physicochemical features of LCB
10.3 Need for pretreatment
10.4 Available pretreatment methods
10.5 Nonbiological versus biological pretreatment methods
10.6 Objectives of biological pretreatment
10.7 Tools of biological pretreatment
10.8 Biological approaches to pretreat LCB
10.9 Importance of biological approaches
10.10 Factors affecting biological pretreatment
10.11 Conclusion
References
Further reading
11. Lignin: value addition is key to profitable biomass biorefinery
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Lignocellulose biomass compositions
11.3 Sources and types of lignin
11.4 Lignin fragmentation
11.5 Biological processing of lignin
11.6 Current application of lignin
11.7 The economic perspective of lignin
11.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
12. Downstream process: toward cost/energy effectiveness
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Selection of economical feedstocks
12.3 Novel approaches for biomass utilization for Bio-EtOH production
12.4 Tradition routes used for the production of biofuels
12.5 Different traditional routes of downstream processing of bio-EtOH and their limitations
12.6 Potential of novel membrane-based separation technology
12.7 Downstream processing using membrane-based separation technology
12.8 A novel concept of a membrane-integrated hybrid system for downstream processing
12.9 Conclusions and prospects
References
13. Process integration: hurdles and approaches to overcome
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Reaction improvements leading to reduced energy consumption
13.3 Heat recovery in bioethanol processes
13.4 Thermal integration of distillation columns
13.5 Combined heat and power
13.6 Process development challenges
13.7 Conclusions
References
14. Community-level second-generation bioethanol plant: a case study focused on a safety issue
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The case study: the bioethanol production plant
14.3 Hazards related to bioethanol: the flammability
14.4 Pool fire: predictive models of thermal radiation
14.5 The case study: pool fire deriving from pump leakage
14.6 Bioethanol pool fire: results and discussion
14.7 Conclusions
List of abbreviations
References
15. Third-generation bioethanol: status, scope, and challenges
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Bioethanol production from algal biomass
15.3 Case study: bioethanol from Enteromorpha intestinalis
15.4 Economic prospects of macroalgae biorefinery
15.5 Scope for further research
15.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
D. Biobutanol: renewed interest
16. Biobutanol, the forgotten biofuel candidate: latest research and future directions
16.1 Advantages of biobutanol production
16.2 Microbial producers
16.3 Feedstocks for butanol production
16.4 Strain improvement
16.5 Process improvement
16.6 Conclusions
References
E. Biodiesel: potential sources and prospect
17. Algal biodiesel: technology, hurdles, and future directions
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biodiesel
17.3 Technologies for biodiesel production
17.4 Solvents used for oil extraction
17.5 Hurdles
17.6 Future prospects
References
Further reading
18. Microbial biodiesel: a comprehensive study toward sustainable biofuel production
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Fundamentals of biodiesel processing techniques
18.3 Microbial lipid synthesis using various types of oleaginous microorganisms
18.4 Summary and future prospects
References
Further reading
19. Assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit—a potential alternative for sustainable future
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Biodiesel production methodology
19.3 Commercial-level biodiesel units
19.4 Farm-level biodiesel units
19.5 Life cycle assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit
19.6 Case studies conducted across the globe for analysis of the feasibility of farm-level biodiesel production units
19.7 Future prospective and challenges
References
F. Biohydrogen: The cleanest fuel
20. Biohydrogen: potential applications, approaches, and hurdles to overcome
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Various feedstocks for biohydrogen
20.3 Biohydrogen generation from biophotolysis
20.4 Potential applications of biohydrogen
20.5 Challenges associated with biohydrogen
20.6 Approaches to overcome the challenges related to biohydrogen
20.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
21. Biological routes of hydrogen production: critical assessment
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Mechanism of biological H2 production
21.3 Routes of biohydrogen production
21.4 Substrates as feedstocks for biohydrogen
21.5 Technical challenges of biological routes
21.6 Strategies to enhance microbial hydrogen production
21.7 Future perspectives and conclusion
References
22. Thermochemical routes applying biomass: critical assessment
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Circular economy approach to sustainability
22.3 Thermochemical valorization processes for biomass
22.4 Challenges and future prospects
22.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
23. Splitting of water: biological and nonbiological approaches
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Hydrogen production
23.3 Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production
23.4 Water-splitting approaches
23.5 Biological approaches
23.6 Nonbiological approaches
23.7 Conclusion and future aspects
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
G. Biogas: the decentralised fuel
24. Decentralized biogas plants: status, prospects, and challenges
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The role of renewable energy
24.3 Biogas formation process
24.4 Factors controlling anaerobic digestion
24.5 Anaerobic digesters
24.6 Types of organic matter used as feedstock to biodigesters
24.7 Biogas technology overview and status
24.8 The history of biogas
24.9 Potential of small-scale biogas plants to improve livelihood
24.10 Challenges to biogas commercialization in developing countries (e.g., African countries) and possible measures
24.11 Challenges of small-scale digesters penetration
24.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
25. Biogas: microbiological research to enhance efficiency and regulation
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Conceptual framework
25.3 Process parameters
25.4 Practices to enhance efficiency and regulation of anaerobic digestion
25.5 Research and development agenda for enhancing efficiency and regulation of AD
25.6 Conclusion
References
Further reading
H. Syngas
26. Biogas technology implementation in rural areas: a case study of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Objectives
26.3 Study area
26.4 Methods
26.5 Findings
26.6 Challenges of biogas technology penetration in rural areas
26.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
27. A biotechnological overview of syngas fermentation
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Syngas as feedstock
27.3 Syngas fermentation
27.4 Conclusion
References
I. Bioelectricity
28. Biofuel cell: existing formats, production level, constraints, and potential uses
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Production levels of bioelectricity through microbial fuel cells
28.3 Production levels of hydrogen and other fuels employing microbial electrolysis cells
28.4 Biofuel production level using microbial carbon-capture cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells
28.5 Potential uses of microbial electrochemical technologies
28.6 Major constraints and future outlook
28.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
29. Enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells: current developments and future directions
29.1 Introduction
29.2 A brief history of biofuel cell development
29.3 Types of biofuel cells
29.4 Characteristics of enzymatic and microbial fuel cells
29.5 Recent development and new approaches in enzymatic as well as microbial fuel cell
29.6 Application and challenges
29.7 Future aspect of biofuel cells
References
30. Biomass-based electrification
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Advantages of biomass-based electrification
30.3 Primary routes for biomass-based electrification
30.4 Economics of biomass-based electrification
30.5 Biomass-based electrification in India: prospects and challenges
30.6 Conclusions
References
Further reading
J. New directions
31. Nanotechnological interventions in biofuel production
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Production around the globe
31.3 Biofuel production
31.4 Challenges in biofuel production
31.5 Nanotechnology in biofuel production
31.6 Nanocellulose in biofuel production
31.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
32. Carbon dioxide capture for biofuel production
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Carbon capture and storage
32.3 Microbial application for biofuels
32.4 Carbon dioxide capture using microalgae
32.5 Carbon concentrating mechanism
32.6 Biofuels
32.7 Value-added products
32.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
Further reading
33. Solar intervention in bioenergy
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Solar intervention in biodiesel production
33.3 Solar intervention in bioethanol production
33.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
34. The pursuits of solar application for biofuel generation
34.1 Introduction
References
Further reading
Product details
Product details
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: October 31, 2021
- Language: English
About the editor
About the editor
SS
Sanjay Sahay
Prof. Sanjay Sahay, Professor and Head, Department Of Botany, Government Postgraduate College. Dr Sahay obtained his PhD degree in fungal genetics from Patna University, and has post-doctoral research experience in yeast molecular biology from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Currently, he is working as Professor and head, Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate College, Biaora, India. His main research interest is 2G Bioethanol, cold-active enzymes and psychrophilic fungi. He has 26 years of teaching experience, guided 18 PhD students in Botany and Biotechnology, published more than 30 papers in peer reviewed journals, contributed 3 book chapters and submitted two patent applications in 2G bioethanol. He has been selected as Biotechnology National Associate by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Research Awardee by University Grants Commission, India
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate CollegeView book on ScienceDirect
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