Handbook of Impact Modifiers

IntroductionMain groups of impact modifiersGeneral laws describing impact resistance rate of impact, temperature during impact (glass transition temperature of material), and relative humidity (amount of absorbed moisture by the product)Impact modification mechanismsCrystallinity and morphology (homogeneity, crystallinity, degradation, internal stress, material form, presence of imperfections on the surface and within the bulk of a material)Effect of material composition (binder, fillers (their type, hardness, shape, and particle size distribution), interaction of matrix and fillers, crosslink density, plasticizers, impact modifiers, foaming agents, residual solvents), concentrations of additivesPolymer blends (components of the blend and compatibilizers)Effect of processing on impact strengthSelection of impact modifiers for different polymersSelection of impact modifiers for different end-productsDurability of impact modification

Groups of products, which consume most impact modifiersAdhesive, sealant, hotmelt, pressure-sensitive, bookbindingAerospace aviationAutomotive – body panel, accessories, under-the-hood, bumper, motor hosingBottlesCoatings, paintsCosmetics – fragrance caps, packagingElectrical – connectors, computer housing, conduit, switch, insulation, TV, monitor, phoneEngineering plasticsFilmFoamFootwareFurniture also gardenGeomembraneGolf ballsHealthcare – medical gloves, medical device, drapery, intravenous bag, respiratoryHouseware – household dinnerware, cabinets, small appliance, flowerpot, refrigeratorInkMolded parts – containers, handle, gripPackaging - meat casing, trays, meat, pouches, stretch, milk, tape, clingPharmaceutical – drug delivery, packagingPipes and tubes, hose, fitting, fuel linePlayground running trackProfiles - Windows and doors, fence, deck, railRoads, pavement, asphalt modificationRoofing roof sheet, roof covering, corrugated sheet, membraneSeals gasketsSheetSidingSporting – ski boothToysWire and cable