Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

PART 1 Fundamental topics
1. In the form of an introduction
2. Principles of I&C systems for nuclear plants

2.1 The instrumentation and control world

2.2 I&C system architecture

2.3 How safe is a nuclear reactor

2.4 A simplified control system of a nuclear reactor

2.5 NPP I&C systems for the main reactor types: a brief overview

2.6 In a search for an interface between plants and humans

2.7 From analog to digital: the emerging of technology in the nuclear world

2.8 Safety, security, and safeguards
3. Fundamentals of analog I&C systems

3.1 What are analog I&C systems?

3.2 Plant controllers

3.3 PID controllers

3.4 Sensors

3.5 Actuators

3.6 Plant instrumentation

3.7 Use case: liquid level measurement

3.8 Use case: cable aging
4. Fundamentals of digital I&C systems

4.1 Why digital I&C systems

4.2 Digital circuits

4.3 Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion

4.4 Digital networks

4.5 Digital controllers

4.6 Digital devices

4.7 Use case: a digital measurement system

4.8 Use case: a digital device for online monitoring and diagnostics in signal cables
5. Fundamentals of linear systems: analysis and control

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Mathematical models

5.3 Time domain analysis of the state and output response

5.4 The transfer function of an LTI system

5.5 Stability notions for LTI system

5.6 The realization problem

5.7 The feedback control
6. Control of nuclear power plants

6.1 The problem of the nuclear plant control

6.2 Control system analysis

6.3 Control system design

6.4 Nuclear reactor kinetics

6.5 Representations of the neutron kinetics

6.6 Power reactor dynamics
PART 2 Advanced topics
7. Advanced control system: theory and application to nuclear reactors

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Lyapunov stability theorem

7.3 Structural properties of linear systems

7.4 The state feedback control

7.5 Some notes on nonlinear control techniques

7.6 Nonlinear techniques for the control of an NPP
8. Modeling of intelligent control systems in nuclear power plants

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Intelligent control modeling

8.3 Intelligent control system models

8.4 Conclusion
9. Control system design of nuclear applications: from theory to realization 557

9.1 The design process

9.2 Automation of systems and machines

9.3 Guidelines on HMI design

9.4 Case study: Fuel Handling Machine control system for pressurized light water reactors

9.5 Case study: I&C for AP1000 systems

9.6 Case study: implementation of a DCS for Cernavoda NPP Unit-2 (BoP)

9.7 Case study: integrated automated monitoring system for Chernobyl NPP shelter object

9.8 Case study: emergency power system full station refurbishment in the nuclear power plant life extension program
10. I&C safety standards and codes

10.1 IAEA safety standards

10.2 Fundamental safety objective and fundamental safety principles

10.3 Design for safety

10.4 Defense in depth (DID)

10.5 Design for safety and the I&C systems at an NPP

10.6 Safety assessment and the I&C systems

10.7 Engineering capable, reliable, and robust NPP I&C systems

10.8 Functional design of the I&C systems

10.9 NPP I&C equipment and systems
11. I&C inspection and regulatory control

11.1 IAEA safety standards and regulatory control

11.2 Legal authority

11.3 Regulatory functions and processes

11.4 Authorization

11.5 Regulatory review and assessment

11.6 Regulatory inspection and enforcement
12. Radiation monitoring in the working areas

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Monitoring external exposure

12.3 Effects and measurements

12.4 Calibration and measurement of quality

12.5 X and gamma detectors

12.6 Neutron detectors

12.7 Alpha and beta detection

12.8 Monitoring networks

12.9 Sampling systems

12.10 Portable monitors
13. Instrumentation for nuclear waste repository monitoring

13.1 Introduction and scope

13.2 Geological disposal

13.3 Experimentation and repository monitoring

13.4 Particularities of instrumentation for repository monitoring

13.5 Parameters to measure for repository monitoring

13.6 Monitoring options/strategies

13.7 Monitoring technologies and instruments

13.8 TRL and qualification
14. Electrical systems

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Fundamental safety objective and fundamental safety principles

14.3 Design for safety and the electrical systems at an NPP

14.4 Safety assessment and the electrical systems

14.5 Engineering capable, reliable, and robust NPP electrical systems

14.6 Functional design of the on-site main electrical system

14.7 Electrical power systems at an NPP
15. Reliability analysis of nuclear instrumentation and control systems

15.1 Normative aspects

15.2 Safety categories and system classes for nuclear power plants

15.3 Safety important categories for nuclear fusion plants (the ITER example)

15.4 Reliability techniques

15.5 Basic probabilistic calculations

15.6 Suggested working procedure according to IEC 61508

15.7 An application example

15.8 Software
16. Environmental considerations in the qualification of monitoring
instruments for severe accidents

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Instruments for monitoring severe accidents

16.3 Environmental profiles under severe accidents

16.4 Equipment qualification: standards and regulations

16.5 Estimated environmental conditions during severe accidents

16.6 Discussions and conclusions
17. Plasma diagnostics techniques for thermonuclear fusion reactors

17.1 Nuclear fusion and tokamak

17.2 Plasma diagnostics overview and classification

17.3 Neutron techniques

17.4 Microwaves and far-infrared radiation plasma diagnostics

17.5 Scattering techniques

17.6 X-ray techniques

17.7 Magnetic techniques

17.8 Bolometry

17.9 UV and visible spectroscopic techniques

17.10 Heavy ion beam probe

17.11 Other diagnostics

17.12 Real-time control of plasma
18. Nuclear I&C systems current trends and future challenges

18.1 How we got here

18.2 New old plants and brand new plants

18.3 What happens next
Appendix A: Recalls of known facts
Appendix B: Useful canonical forms
Appendix C: Some properties of the block matrices
Appendix D: Some properties of linear operators