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Multimedia and Imaging Databases

  • 1st Edition - October 1, 1995
  • Latest edition
  • Authors: Setrag Khoshafian, Brad Baker
  • Language: English

Affordable and mainstream manipulation of multimedia data types will lead to tremendous growth in imaging and multimedia data in general computing environments. Multimedia and im… Read more

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Description

Affordable and mainstream manipulation of multimedia data types will lead to tremendous growth in imaging and multimedia data in general computing environments. Multimedia and imaging applications can now provide benefits to common business applications by integrating voice, sound, images, animation and digitized video. Ultimately, it will be possible to convert all information that
is currently stored on paper, video and film into a digitized environment. This will allow users to organize, search and route multimedia objects over local and wide area networks in real time.

The authors' introductory level presentation of this new class of data types supplies the database technology required for effective manipulation and storage. Multimedia and database experts, Khoshafian and Baker aptly illustrate the ability of multimedia database systems
to concurrently share, access, and query large collections of multimedia information. They introduce the elemental concepts of object and relational databases and then apply them to multimedia and imaging
databases. Fundamental database topics discussed include querying, transaction support, recovery, security, and storage.

This book provides information essential to the incorporation of multimedia databases that will improve the quantity and quality of
information manipulated by computer users in many areas including medicine, computer aided design, and information retrieval systems.

Table of contents

MultiMedia and Imaging Databases

by Setrag Khoshafian and A. Brad Baker

    Color Plates

    List of Figures

    Preface

    Chapter 1 The Multimedia Revolution
      1.1 Introduction
        1.1.1 Multimedia for Everyone


        1.1.2 Multimedia Environments


        1.1.3 What are the Multimedia Data Types or Objects?


        1.1.4 Enter Multimedia and Imaging Databases


        1.1.5 Putting It in Context: Structure and Audience


      1.2 Evolution of Database Technologies
        1.2.1 Network and Hierarchical Models


        1.2.2 The Relational Model


        1.2.3 Semantic and Functional Data Models


        1.2.4 Extended- and Object-Relational Models


        1.2.5 Nested Relational and Complex Object Models


        1.2.6 Object-Oriented Databases


        1.2.7 Databases Supporting Imaging and Multimedia Applications


      1.3 What are Multimedia Databases?
        1.3.1 Various Definitions of Multimedia Databases


        1.3.2 Multimedia and Object-Oriented Databases


        1.3.3 Other Basic Multimedia Database Management System Features


      1.4 Integrating Conventional DBMSs with IR and Hierarchical Storage Systems


      1.5 Client/Server Architectures for Multimedia Databases


      1.6 Summary


    Chapter 2 Interfaces and Applications for Multimedia Databases
      2.1 Introduction
        2.1.1 Major Application Categories for MMDB Interfaces


      2.2 The Multimedia Interface
        2.2.1 A Brief History of Graphical User Interfaces


      2.3 Editing Multimedia Elements
        2.3.1 Bit-Mapped Images and Graphics Objects


        2.3.2 Digitized Audio


        2.3.3 Digitized Video


      2.4 Integrated Multimedia Applications
        2.4.1 Presentation and Authoring Tools


        2.4.2 Forms


        2.4.3 Compound Documents


        2.4.4 Hypermedia


        2.4.5 Document-Imaging Systems


        2.4.6 Multimedia Databases


      2.5 Summary


    Chapter 3 Multimedia Peripherals and Devices
      3.1 Introduction


      3.1.1 Multimedia Peripherals and Multimedia Databases


    3.2 High-Resolution Display Monitors


    3.3 Scanners


    3.4 Sound Cards


    3.5 Video Boards


    3.6 Video Cameras


    3.7 Multimedia Computers


    3.8 Printers and Plotters


    3.9 Touch-Screen Devices


    3.10 Storage Devices


    3.11 Digital Film Recorders


    3.12 Personal Digital Assistants


    3.13 Virtual Reality


    3.14 Summary


Chapter 4 Object Orientation: Concepts, Analysis, and Design for Multimedia Databases
    4.1 Introduction


    4.2 Relationship between Object Orientation and Multimedia


    4.3 Object Orientation: Overview
      4.3.1 What is Object Orientation?


      4.3.2 The Object-Message Paradigm


      4.3.3 The Fundamental Concepts of Object Orientation


    4.4. Abstract Data Types
      4.4.1 Classes


      4.4.2 Containers and Class Extensions


      4.4.3 Overloading and Dynamic Binding


      4.4.4 Advantages of Abstract Data typing for Multimedia Database Application Development


    4.5 Inheritance
      4.5.1 Inheriting Instance Variables


      4.5.2 Inheriting Methods


      4.5.3 Method Overriding


      4.5.4 Multiple Inheritance


      4.5.5 Delegation


      4.5.6 Advantages of Inheritance for Multimedia Database Application Development


    4.6 Object Identity
      4.6.1 Path Names in Operating Systems


      4.6.2 Identity through Identifier Keys


      4.6.3 The Type-State-Identity Trichotomy


      4.6.4 Object Spaces with Identity


      4.6.5 Advantages of Object Identity in Multimedia Database Application Development


    4.7 Schema development, Modeling, and Design for Multimedia Databases
      4.7.1 Double Design


      4.7.2 Three-Layered ANSI/SPARC Architecture


      4.7.3 Semantic and Entity-Relationship Modeling Foundation


    4.8 Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis and Design for Multimedia Database Applications
      4.8.1 Development Life Cycle


    4.9 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Notation: A Very Brief Introduction
      4.9.1 Designing Classes and Objects: An Overview of Notation


    4.10 Integrity Constraints for Multimedia Database Applications


    4.11 Summary


Chapter 5 Client/Server Architectures and Multimedia Databases
    5.1 Introduction
      5.1.1 File Server and Database Server Foundations


      5.1.2 Other Servers and Services for Multimedia Computing


      5.1.3 Coarse-Grained and Fine-Grained Client/Server Computing


    5.2 Component Object Computing and Client/Server Architectures


    5.3 Networking
      5.3.1 Network Operation Systems


      5.3.2 Security and Authorization


    5.4 Client/Server Architectures: File Servers
      5.4.1 Partitioning Functions in a Client/Server Architecture


    5.5 Client/Server Architectures: Database Servers
      5.5.1 Functions Performed on the Database-Server Nodes


      5.5.2 Distributed Databases


      5.5.3 Approaches for Developing Distributed Databases


      5.5.4 Characteristics of Distributed Database Systems


      5.5.5 Distributed Concurrency Control


      5.5.6 Replication and Distributed Databases


    5.6 Video Servers


    5.7 Fax Servers


    5.8 Messaging Servers for E-Mail Transport


    5.9 Multimedia Extension to the IBM LAN Server: A Case Study


    5.10 Oracle Media Server: A Case Study


    5.11 Summary


Chapter 6 Database Management Systems for Multimedia Databases
    6.1 Introduction
      6.1.1 Revisiting the Definition of Multimedia Databases


    6.2 Taxonomy of Multimedia Databases
      6.2.1 Intelligent Multimedia Databases


      6.2.2 Dealing with Persistence


    6.3 Multimedia Objects in Relational Databases
      6.3.1 Supporting Multimedia and Imaging Data types in Relational DBMSs


      6.3.2 Case Studies


    6.4 Object-Oriented Databases and Multimedia Database Applications
      6.4.1 Integrating Object Oriented and Database Capabilities


      6.4.2 Extending a Database Language with Object-Oriented Capabilities


      6.4.3 Extending an Existing Object-Oriented Programming Language with Database Capabilities


      6.4.4 Application Specific Products with an Underlying Object-Oriented DBMS


Chapter 7 Querying and Content Retrieval in Multimedia Databases
    7.1 Introduction


    7.2 Extracting Attributes and Key Features: Manual versus Automatic Indexing


    7.3 Objects as Attributes versus Attributes of Objects


    7.4 Searching Multimedia Objects


    7.5 Multikey Searching of Multimedia Objects


    7.6 Spatial Databases and Data Types
      7.6.1 Vectorized Images and Regions


      7.6.2 Spatial Predicates and Operations


      7.6.3 SQL Extensions for Spatial Searches


    7.7 Iconic Indexing


    7.8 Content Searching
      7.8.1 Searching Large Collections


      7.8.2 Uncertainty, Probabilistic Models, and Fuzziness


    7.9 Content Retrieval for Text Documents
      7.9.1 Concept Indexes


      7.9.2 SQL Extensions for Full-Text Searching


    7.10 Content Retrieval for Images
      7.10.1 Case Study: Ultimedia Manager


      7.10.2 Case Study: Excalibur


      7.10.3 Case study: XPD from Plexus


    7.11 Indexing and Retrieval for Electronic Video Libraries


    7.12 The Next Step in Database Querying: Virtual Reality Interfaces
      7.12.1 Case Study: The SANDBOX


    7.13 Summary


Chapter 8 Transactions, Concurrency, and Recovery in Multimedia Databases
    8.1 Introduction


    8.2 Transactions
      8.2.1 The ACID Test


      8.2.2 Transactions for MMDBMS Applications


      8.2.3 Transactions Involving the Three Subsystems of an MMDBMS


    8.3 Concurrency Control
      8.3.1 Locking


      8.3.2 Multiversion Concurrency Control


      8.3.3 Optimistic Concurrency Control


    8.4 Recovery
      8.4.1 Recovery Manager


      8.4.2 Recovery Strategies


    8.5 Versioning
      8.5.1 Configurations


      8.5.2 Historic Versions


    8.6 Summary


Chapter 9 Access Methods and Clustering for Multimedia Object Storage
    9.1 Introduction
      9.1.1 Partitioning Search Spaces


      9.1.2 Indexing Strategies and Data Structures for Indexing


    9.2 Single-Key Index Structures
      9.2.1 B Trees


      9.2.2 Mapped or Hashed File Structures


    9.3 Index Structures for BLOBs: Positional Access
      9.3.1 Linked List


      9.3.2 Directions for BLOBs with Maximum Lengths


      9.3.3 Positional B Trees


    9.4 Multiattribute and Spatial Indexing of Multimedia Objects
      9.4.1 Dimensionality and Locality


      9.4.2 Multidimensional Search Strikers


    9.5 Indexing for Content Retrieval
      9.5.1 Inverted Indexes


      9.5.2 Signature Indexes


    9.6 Clustering
      9.6.1 Object Size


      9.6.2 Sets with Large Cardinalities


      9.6.3 Long Tuples


      9.6.4 Large Atoms


      9.6.5 Large Graphics


    9.7 Alternative Storage Strategies
      9.7.1 Direct Storage Model


      9.7.2 Normalized Storage Model


      9.7.3 Decomposed Storage Model


    9.8 Summary


Chapter 10 Multimedia Storage Management
    10.1 Introduction


    10.2 Magnetic Storage Systems


    10.3 RAID Technologies


    10.4 Optical Storage Systems


    10.5 WORM
      10.5.1 The Technology


      10.5.2 Optical Media


    10.6 Erasable Optical Technologies
      10.6.1 Magneto-Optic


      10.6.2 Phase Change


      10.6.3 Multifunction Drives


    10.7 CD-ROM


    10.8 Optical Jukeboxes


    10.9 File Systems for Optical Media
      10.9.1 Directory Structures


      10.9.2 Allocation Methods


      10.9.3 Caching Algorithms


      10.9.4 Software Optimization of the Hardware


      10.9.5 Other Considerations


    10.10 Volume Management for Removable Optical Media


    10.11 Hierarchical Storage Management
      10.11.1 IEEE Mass Storage Systems (MSS) Reference Model


      10.11.2 Epoch Systems Infinite Storage Architecture Model


      10.11.3 R-Squared IFS-2 HSM System


      10.11.4 Multimedia Requirements and Enhancements for HSM


    10.12 Summary


Chapter 11 Multimedia Networking
    11.1 Introduction


    11.2 Requirements for Multimedia Networking


    11.3 LAN Multimedia Networks
      11.3.1 Local Area Networks


      11.3.2 Network Cabling


      11.3.3 Ethernet


      11.3.4 token Ring


      11.3.5 Bridges, Routers, and Gateways


      11.3.6 OSI/ISO Network Standard Model


      11.3.7 FDDI


      11.3.8 High-Speed Ethernet


    11.4 WAN Multimedia Networking
      11.4.1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode


      11.4.2 Integrated Services Digital Network


      11.4.3 Frame-Relay Service


      11.4.4 Switched Multimegabit Data Service


      11.4.5 SONET


      11.4.6 Bandwidth Optimization


    11.5 Summary


Chapter 12 Summary
    12.1 Overview of the Book


    12.2 Multimedia Interfaces: Chapter 2


    12.3 Multimedia Devices and Peripherals: Chapter 3


    12.4 Object Orientation: Chapter 4


    12.5 Client/Server Architectures: Chapter 5


    12.6 Database Managers for Multimedia Database Applications: Chapter 6


    12.7 Querying: Chapter 7


    12.8 Transactions, Concurrency, and Recovery: Chapter 8


    12.9 Indexing and Clustering: Chapter 9


    12.10 Multimedia Storage: Chapter 10


    12.11 Multimedia Networking: Chapter 11


    12.12 Epilogue

Product details

  • Edition: 1
  • Latest edition
  • Published: November 29, 1995
  • Language: English

About the authors

SK

Setrag Khoshafian

Setrag Khoshafian, Technology Deployment International

BB

Brad Baker

A. Brad Baker, Pegasus Disk Technologies, Inc. (A Cornerstone Imaging Company)
Affiliations and expertise
Pegasus Disk Technologies, Inc.