Oceanography and Surface Layer Meteorology in the B/C Scale

Oceanography and Surface Layer in Meteorology in the B/C Scale is a collection of papers that deals with the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers in the region in or close to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Eastern Atlantic. Papers discuss global atmospheric circulation to improve weather prediction and climate modeling in line with the objectives of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP). In particular, the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) addresses the means of estimating the effects of smaller tropical weather systems on synoptic scale circulations. GATE also facilitates the development of numerical modeling and prediction methods. One paper compares a mathematical representation of the transport of energy by convective clouds and the cloud free environment with a relationship based on the physical structure of the cloud and environment. Another paper analyzes model simulations made for various upwelling velocities, rainfall events, wind stress events, diurnal heating cycles, and internal tidal forcing using the GATE dominant scales of tropical weather systems. The model simulations show that in the GATE C-Scale demarcation area, no single process dominates. The collection will be appreciated by meteorologists, environmentalists, merchant marines, students studying hydrology, and by people working in the general earth sciences.