Screening Methods in Pharmacology

ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 A Brief Review of the Biochemistry of the Nervous System I. Chemical Mediators II. Some Mechanisms of Drug Effects Within the Autonomic System III. Mechanisms Within the Parasympathetic System IV. Mechanisms Within the Sympathetic System Chapter 3 The Organization of Screening I. Introduction II. Further Remarks On Blind Screening III. Neuropharmacological Tests in Blind Screening IV. An Alternative Schedule V. Tests Other Than Neuropharmacological VI. Tests Subsequent to Those in Blind Screening Chapter 4 General Methods I. Introduction II. Tests On Isolated Organs III. The Guinea Pig Ileum IV. The Vas Deferens of the Guinea Pig V. The Jejunum of the Rat VI. The Seminal Vesicle of the Rat VII. Seminal Vesicle of the Guinea Pig VII. Fundus Strip of the Rat Ix. The Duodenum of the Rat X. Other Isolated Organs Xi. Cardiovascular Tests (Electrical and Chemical) XII. Food Consumption Chapter 5 Quantal Responses. Calculation of the ED50 I. Introduction II. Graphical Calculation of Miller and Tainter III. Arithmetical Method of Reed and Muench IV. Arithmetical Method of Kärber V. The pA Scale VI. Tests With Superfusion; Drug Antagonism VII. The Graphical Method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon Chapter 6 Depressants of the Central Nervous System I. Introduction II. The Righting Reflex III. Antagonism to Various Chemical Stimulants IV. Palpebrai Test V. Runway Test For Thirsty Rats VI. Motor Deficit VII. Motor Control On An Inclined Plane VII. Natatory Exhaustion Ix. Amphetamine Antagonism X. Motor Activity XI. Cornea and Pinna Reflexes XII. Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) Antagonism XII. A Test Group For Central Depressants XIV. Central Anesthetics Chapter 7 Ataractic (Tranquillizing, Neuroleptic) Agents I. Introduction II. Behavioral Test Group III. Ratio of Reflexes in the Mouse IV. Avoidance of Electrical Shock. A Test of Suppression of A Conditioned Response V. Suppression of Combativeness VI. Head-Withdrawal Reflex VII. Yohimbine Syndrome VII.. Open Field Test IX. ConclusionChapter 8 Analgesics I. Introduction II. Narcotic Analgesics III. Nonnarcotic Analgesics Chapter 9 Oxytocic Agents I. Introduction II. Qualitative Test For Uterine Stimulation III. Quantitative Procedure IV. Tests Performed On The Uterus in Situ Chapter 10 Antiserotonin Agents I. The Isolated Uterus of the Rat II. Isolated Uterus Bathed in Antagonist III. Uterus Bathed in Antagonist. Alternative Method IV. Antiedema Test On The Foot of the Rat V. Cardiovascular Test On The Dog Given Chlorisondamine VI. Antagonism to Serotonin-Induced Convulsions VII. Ileum of the Guinea Pig; D Receptors VII. Pyretogenic Effects Chapter 11 Parasympatholytic Agents I. Mydriasis II. Antisialagogue Activity III. Prevention of Intestinal Spasm IV. Lacrimation V. Tests in VItro VI. Gastrointestinal Propulsion Chapter 12 Sympatholytic Agents I. Introduction II. Epinephrine Antagonism III. Prolapse of the Nictitating Membrane IV. Blood Pressure of the Rat; The ADC V. Splenic Strip of the Cat VI. The Two Kinds of Receptor VII. The Perfused Rabbit Ear Chapter 13 Anti-Inflammatory Agents I. Introduction II. Pedal Inflammation Induced by Chemical Agents III. Implantation of A Pellet IV. Granuloma Pouch V. Erythema VI. Tuberculin Sensitivity VII. Inhibition of Ascites VII.. Hyaluronidase Inhibition IX. Pleural Fluid X. Freund's Adjuvant Chapter 14 Anticonvulsants I. Introduction II. Convulsions Induced by Chemicals III. Convulsions Induced by Electroshock IV. Combined Procedures V. Tryptamine Potentiation and Antagonism VI. Tremorine VII. The Rapid Screening For Myorelaxant Agents Chapter 15 Sympathomimetic Agents I. Introduction II. Mydriasis III. The Uterus and Ascending Colon of the Rat IV. The Rectal Cecum of the Hen V. The Isolated Spleen of the Cat Chapter 16 Central Stimulants I. Introduction II. Analeptic Agents III. "Sandauswurf" (Displacement of Sand) IV. Registration of Motor Activity V. Runway Test VI. Ptosis Test VII. "Zwangsnagen" Induced by Apomorphine VII. Intracerebral Test IX. Ingestion of Food; Anoretic and Central Stimulant Activity X. Duration of Anesthesia; Respiratory Analeptics Chapter 17 Muscaring Agents I. The Isolated Eye of Rodents II. The Isolated Trachea of the Rat Chapter 18 Ganglion-Blocking Agents I. Introduction II. Antagonism of Nicotine III. The Inferior Eyelid of the Rat IV. The Blood Pressure of the Upright Rabbit Chapter 19 Antifibrillatory Agents I. Introduction II. Arrhythmia Induced by Acetylcholine and Potassium Deficiency III. Arrhythmia Induced by Aconitine IV. Arrhythmia Induced by Maximum Frequency V. Ventricular Arrhythmia Induced by Calcium Chapter 20 Cardiotonic Agents I. The Papillary Muscle of the Cat II. The Atrium of the Cat and the Rat III. The Aortic Strip of the Rabbit Chapter 21 Histamine-Like Agents I. Perfusion of the Hind Quarters and the Lung II. Perfusion of the Skin Chapter 22 Antihistamine Agents I. Introduction II. Intravenous Toxicity III. Histamine Aerosol IV. Direct Antagonism to Histamine V. Anaphylactic Microshock VI. Other Methods Chapter 23 Antitussive Agents I. Cough Induced by Ammonia in the Cat II. Cough Induced by Citric Acid in the Guinea Pig III. Cough Induced by Sulfuric Acid in the Dog Chapter 24 Antacid Agents I. Ulceration and Acidity in the Shay Rat II. Gastric Perfusion in the Rat III. The Isolated Heal Segment Chapter 25 Thyromimetic Agents Chapter 26 Hypoglycemic Agents Chapter 27 Choleretic Agents Chapter 28 Antiparkinson AgentsChapter 29 Anti-Inflammatory and Glucocorticoidal AgentsChapter 30 Antiemetic AgentsChapter 31 Bronchodilatant AgentsChapter 32 Curariform Agents I. Paralysis of Intact Animals II. The Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm of the Rat III. The Biventer Cervicis of the ChickenChapter 33 Anabolic, Androgenic, and Antiandrogenic AgentsChapter 34 Potentiators and Antagonists of TryptamineChapter 35 Vasopressive PeptidesChapter 36 Diuretic and Natriuretic AgentsChapter 37 Anticholinestehase AgentsChapter 38 Anticholesterol AgentsChapter 39 Uricosuric AgentsChapter 40 Antishock AgentsChapter 41 Hemostatic AgentsChapter 42 Local and Spinal AnestheticsChapter 43 Abortifacient AgentsChapter 44 Thymoleptic Agents I. Introduction II. Qualitative Screening Methods III. Amine Depletion in the Central Nervous System IV. Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase V. Rats Having Septal LesionsChapter 45 Dermal IrritantsChapter 46 Teratogenic AgentsAppendix I. A Summary of Often Used Formulas in Statistics II. An Approximate Formula for Statistical Significance III. Statistical Analysis of Responses in Groups of Animals: Salivation in Rabbits IV. Four-Point Assay of Substances Causing Tachyphylaxis V. Right-Left Assay VI. The Composition of Solutions Used for the Bathing of Tissues VII. Formulas for Use in the Injection of Animals VIII. An Antipyretic Test IX. A Test for Dermal Absorption X. Tests for Hepatotoxicity XI. Serum Cholesterol XII. Anesthetics for Laboratory Animals XIII. Acute Toxicity: The Determination of the LD50 XIV. A Test for the Normal Distribution of a Set of NumbersReferences Author Index Subject Index