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Visual Computing for Medicine

Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

  • 2nd Edition - November 7, 2013
  • Latest edition
  • Authors: Bernhard Preim, Charl P Botha
  • Language: English

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book incl… Read more

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Description

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book includes algorithms, applications, and ideas on achieving reliability of results and clinical evaluation of the techniques covered. Preim and Botha illustrate visualization techniques from research, but also cover the information required to solve practical clinical problems. They base the book on several years of combined teaching and research experience. This new edition includes six new chapters on treatment planning, guidance and training; an updated appendix on software support for visual computing for medicine; and a new global structure that better classifies and explains the major lines of work in the field.

Key features

  • Complete guide to visual computing in medicine, fully revamped and updated with new developments in the field
  • Illustrated in full color
  • Includes a companion website offering additional content for professors, source code, algorithms, tutorials, videos, exercises, lessons, and more

Readership

Level: Intermediate-Advanced

  • Research Physicians and Scientists in fields of Visualization and Computer-Assisted Radiology and Surgery;
  • Computer Science students in Visualization and Medical imaging;
  • Software and algorithm developers at medical imaging companies (such as GE, Siemens Medical Solutions, Philips Medical, Toshiba, and Tiani);
  • Software developers at Visualization companies (such as IBM, Mercury, Vaytec, Kitware, and Silicon Graphics);
  • Masters students (in Biomedical Engineering, Visual Computing);
  • Radiologists; Surgeons.

Table of contents

Acknowledgments

Foreword to the Second Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Author Biography

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

1.1 Visualization in Medicine as a Speciality of Scientific Visualization

1.2 Computerized Medical Imaging

1.3 2D and 3D Visualizations

1.4 Further Information

1.5 Organization

Part I: Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation of Medical Volume Data

Part I. Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation of Medical Volume Data

Chapter 2. Acquisition of Medical Image Data

Abstract

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Medical Image Data

2.3 Data Artifacts and Signal Processing

2.4 X-Ray Imaging

2.5 Computed Tomography

2.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2.7 Ultrasound

2.8 Imaging in Nuclear Medicine

2.9 Intraoperative Imaging

2.10 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 3. An Introduction to Medical Visualization in Clinical Practice

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Diagnostic Accuracy

3.3 Visual Perception

3.4 Storage of Medical Image Data

3.5 Conventional Film-Based Diagnosis

3.6 Soft-Copy Reading

3.7 Medical Visualization in Nuclear Medicine

3.8 Medical Image Data in Radiation Treatment Planning

3.9 Medical Team Meetings

3.10 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 4. Image Analysis for Medical Visualization

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Preprocessing and Filtering

4.3 An Introduction to Image Segmentation

4.4 Graph-Based Segmentation Techniques

4.5 Advanced and Model-Based Segmentation Methods

4.6 Interaction for Segmentation

4.7 Validation of Segmentation Methods

4.8 Registration and Fusion of Medical Image Data

4.9 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 5. Human-Computer Interaction for Medical Visualization

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 User and Task Analysis

5.3 Metaphors

5.4 Prototyping

5.5 User Interface Principles and User Experience

5.6 3D Interaction Techniques

5.7 Input Devices

5.8 HCI in the Operating Room

5.9 Mobile Computing

5.10 Evaluation

5.11 Conclusion

Part II: Visualization and Exploration of Medical Volume Data

Part II. Visualization and Exploration of Medical Volume Data

Chapter 6. Surface Rendering

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Reconstruction of Surfaces from Contours

6.3 Marching Cubes

6.4 Surface Rendering of Unsegmented Volume Data

6.5 Surface Rendering of Segmented Volume Data

6.6 Advanced Mesh Smoothing

6.7 Mesh Simplification and Web-Based Surface Rendering

6.8 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 7. Direct Volume Visualization

Abstract

7.1 Theoretical Models

7.2 The Volume Rendering Pipeline

7.3 Compositing

7.4 Volume Raycasting

7.5 Efficient Volume Rendering

7.6 Direct Volume Rendering on the GPU

7.7 Summary

Further Reading and Experimentation

Chapter 8. Advanced Direct Volume Visualization

Abstract

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Volumetric Illumination

8.3 Artificial Depth Enhancements

8.4 Concluding Remarks

Further Reading

Chapter 9. Volume Interaction

Abstract

9.1 Introduction

9.2 One-Dimensional Transfer Functions

9.3 Multidimensional Transfer Functions

9.4 Gradient-Based and LH-Based Transfer Functions

9.5 Local and Distance-Based Transfer Functions

9.6 Advanced Picking

9.7 Clipping

9.8 Virtual Resection

9.9 Cutting Medical Volume Data

9.10 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 10. Labeling and Measurements in Medical Visualization

Abstract

10.1 Introduction

10.2 General Design Issues

10.3 Interactive Measurement of Distances and Volumes

10.4 Automatic Distance Measures

10.5 Angular Measurements

10.6 Measurements in Virtual Reality

10.7 Labeling 2D and 3D Medical Visualizations

10.8 Summary

Further Reading

Part III: Advanced Medical Visualization Techniques

Part III. Advanced Medical Visualization Techniques

Chapter 11. Visualization of Vascular Structures

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Enhancing Vascular Structures

11.3 Projection-Based Visualization

11.4 Vessel Analysis

11.5 Model-Based Surface Visualization

11.6 Model-Free Surface Visualization

11.7 Vessel Visualization for Diagnosis

11.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 12. Illustrative Medical Visualization

Abstract

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Medical Applications

12.3 Curvature Approximation

12.4 An Introduction to Feature Lines

12.5 Geometry-Dependent Feature Lines

12.6 Light-Dependent Feature Lines

12.7 Stippling

12.8 Hatching

12.9 Illustrative Shading

12.10 Smart Visibility

12.11 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 13. Virtual Endoscopy

Abstract

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Medical and Technical Background

13.3 Preprocessing

13.4 Rendering for Virtual Endoscopy

13.5 User Interfaces for Virtual Endoscopy

13.6 Applications

13.7 Concluding Remarks

Further Reading

Chapter e14. Projections and Reformations

Abstract

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Overview

14.3 Anatomical Unfolding

14.4 Anatomical Planar Reformation/Projection

14.5 Map Projections

14.6 Conclusion

Part IV: Visualization of High-Dimensional Medical Image Data

Part IV. Visualization of High-Dimensional Medical Image Data

Chapter 15. Visualization of Brain Connectivity

Abstract

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Acquisition of Connectivity Data

15.3 Visualization of Structural Connectivity

15.4 Visualization of Connectivity Matrices

15.5 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter e16. Visual Exploration and Analysis of Perfusion Data

Abstract

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Medical Imaging

16.3 Data Processing and Data Analysis

16.4 Visual Exploration of Perfusion Data

16.5 Visual Analysis of Perfusion Data

16.6 Case Study: Cerebral Perfusion

16.7 Case Study: Breast Tumor Perfusion

16.8 Case Study: Myocardial Perfusion

16.9 Further Application Areas

16.10 Concluding Remarks

Further Reading

Part V: Treatment Planning, Guidance and Training

Part V. Treatment Planning, Guidance and Training

Chapter 17. Computer-Assisted Surgery

Abstract

17.1 Introduction

17.2 General Tasks

17.3 Visualization Techniques

17.4 Guidance Approaches

17.5 Application Areas

17.6 Conclusions

Further Reading

Chapter 18. Image-Guided Surgery and Augmented Reality

Abstract

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Image-Guided Surgery

18.3 Registration

18.4 Calibration and Tracking

18.5 Navigated Control

18.6 Display Modes

18.7 Visualization Techniques for Medical Augmented Reality

18.8 Applications

18.9 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 19. Visual Exploration of Simulated and Measured Flow Data

Abstract

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Basic Flow Visualization Techniques

19.3 From Medical Image Data to Simulation Models

19.4 Visual Exploration of Measured Cardiac Blood Flow

19.5 Exploration of Simulated Cerebral Blood Flow

19.6 Biomedical Simulation and Modeling

19.7 Concluding Remarks

Further Reading

Chapter e20. Visual Computing for ENT Surgery Planning

Abstract

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Planning and Training Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

20.3 Visual Computing for Inner and Middle Ear Surgery

20.4 Neck Surgery Planning

20.5 Image Analysis for Neck Surgery Planning

20.6 Interactive Visualization for Neck Surgery Planning

20.7 Concluding Remarks

Further Reading

Chapter e21. Computer-Assisted Medical Education

Abstract

21.1 Introduction

21.2 e-Learning in Medicine

21.3 Anatomy Education

21.4 Surgery Education

21.5 Simulation for Surgery and Interventional Radiology

21.6 Simulation for Training Interventional Procedures

21.7 Systems for Training Operative Techniques

21.8 Training Systems Based on Physical Models

21.9 Skills Assessment

21.10 Summary

References

Index

Review quotes

"I highly recommend it for one-semester advanced graduate courses in computer graphics. For graduate students pursuing PhDs and professionals in research and development in the medical visualization filed, this book is well worth reading."—Computing Reviews, November 2014

Product details

  • Edition: 2
  • Latest edition
  • Published: November 25, 2013
  • Language: English

About the authors

BP

Bernhard Preim

Bernhard Preim was born in 1969 in Magdeburg, Germany. He received the diploma in computer science in 1994 (minor in mathematics) and a Ph.D. in 1998 for a thesis on interactive visualization for anatomy education from the Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg. In 1999 he moved to Bremen where he joined the staff of MEVIS and directed the “computer-aided planning in liver surgery” group. Since Mars 2003 he is full professor for Visualization at the computer science department at the Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, heading a research group focussed on medical visualization. His research interests include vessel visualization, exploration of blood flow, visual analytics in public health, virtual reality in medical education and since recently narrative visualization. He authored “Visualization in Medicine” (Co-author Dirk Bartz, 2007) and “Visual Computing in Medicine” (Co-author: C. Botha, 2013). Bernhard Preim founded the working group Medical Visualization in the German Society for Computer Science and served as speaker from 2003-2012. He was president of the German Society for Computer- and Robot-Assisted Surgery (www.curac.org). He was Co-Chair and Co-Organizer of the first and second Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing in Biology and Medicine (VCBM) in 2008 and 2010 and lead the steering committee of that workshop until 2019. He is the chair of the scientific advisory board of ICCAS (International Competence Center on Computer-Assisted Surgery Leipzig, since 2010). From 2011-2018 he was an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging and and IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Graphics (2017-2022). Currently he serves in the editorial board of Computers & Graphics (since 2019). He was also regularly a Visiting Professor at the University of Bremen where he closely collaborates with Fraunhofer MEVIS (2003-2012) and was Visiting Professor at TU Vienna (2016).
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Visualization, Computer Science Department, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany

CB

Charl P Botha

Charl Botha is Professor of Visualisation at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) in the Netherlands, where he directs the medical visualisation lab. His research focuses on surgical planning and guidance, and visual analysis for medical research. He has published on, amongst other topics, virtual colonoscopy, shoulder replacement, diffusion tensor imaging and the visual analysis of human motion. Together with Bernhard Preim he initiated the Eurographics Workshop series on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine, acted as co-chair in 2008 and 2010, and is currently serving as editor together with Prof. Preim of the Computers and Graphics special issue on VCBM.

Prior to his Ph.D. he worked in industry designing embedded image processing systems and algorithms for two different companies.

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