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Elsevier

Pergamon

  • Analytical Quadrics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Barry Spain
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Analytical Quadrics focuses on the analytical geometry of three dimensions. The book first discusses the theory of the plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, straight line, and central quadrics in their standard forms. The idea of the plane at infinity is introduced through the homogenous Cartesian coordinates and applied to the nature of the intersection of three planes and to the circular sections of quadrics. The text also focuses on paraboloid, including polar properties, center of a section, axes of plane section, and generators of hyperbolic paraboloid. The book also touches on homogenous coordinates. Concerns include intersection of three planes; circular sections of central quadric; straight line; and circle at infinity. The book also discusses general quadric and classification and reduction of quadric. Discussions also focus on linear systems of quadrics and plane-coordinates. The text is a valuable reference for readers interested in the analytical geometry of three dimensions.

  • Theory of Automata

    • 1st Edition
    • Arto Salomaa
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Theory of Automata deals with mathematical aspects of the theory of automata theory, with emphasis on the finite deterministic automaton as the basic model. All other models, such as finite non-deterministic and probabilistic automata as well as pushdown and linear bounded automata, are treated as generalizations of this basic model. The formalism chosen to describe finite deterministic automata is that of regular expressions. A detailed exposition regarding this formalism is presented by considering the algebra of regular expressions. This volume is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on finite deterministic automata, paying particular attention to regular and finite languages; analysis and synthesis theorems; equivalence relations induced by languages; sequential machines; sequential functions and relations; definite languages and non-initial automata; and two-way automata. The next chapter describes finite non-deterministic and probabilistic automata and covers theorems concerning stochastic languages; non-regular stochastic languages; and probabilistic sequential machines. The book then introduces the reader to the algebra of regular expressions before concluding with a chapter on formal languages and generalized automata. Theoretical exercises are included, along with ""problems"" at the end of some sections. This monograph will be a useful resource for beginning graduate or advanced undergraduates of mathematics.

  • An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert A. Rankin
    • English
    International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 43: An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis discusses the various topics involved in the analysis of functions of a single real variable. The title first covers the fundamental idea and assumptions in analysis, and then proceeds to tackling the various areas in analysis, such as limits, continuity, differentiability, integration, convergence of infinite series, double series, and infinite products. The book will be most useful to undergraduate students of mathematical analysis.

  • The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 79
    • G. N. Polozhii
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 79: The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics presents the numerical solution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional boundary-value problems of mathematical physics. This book focuses on the second-order and fourth-order linear differential equations. Organized into two chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ordinary finite-difference equations and the general solutions of certain specific finite-difference equations. This text then examines the various methods of successive approximation that are used exclusively for solving finite-difference equations. This book discusses as well the established formula of summary representation for certain finite-difference operators that are associated with partial differential equations of mathematical physics. The final chapter deals with the formula of summary representation to enable the researcher to write the solution of the corresponding systems of linear algebraic equations in a simple form. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and physicists.

  • The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Rédei
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups describes a theory of finitely generated commutative semigroups which is founded essentially on a single "fundamental theorem" and exhibits resemblance in many respects to the algebraic theory of numbers. The theory primarily involves the investigation of the F-congruences (F is the the free semimodule of the rank n, where n is a given natural number). As applications, several important special cases are given. This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with preliminaries on finitely generated commutative semigroups before turning to a discussion of the problem of determining all the F-congruences as the fundamental problem of the proposed theory. The next chapter lays down the foundations of the theory by defining the kernel functions and the fundamental theorem. The elementary properties of the kernel functions are then considered, along with the ideal theory of free semimodules of finite rank. The final chapter deals with the isomorphism problem of the theory, which is solved by reducing it to the determination of the equivalent kernel functions. This book should be of interest to mathematicians as well as students of pure and applied mathematics.

  • Calculus of Variations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • L. E. Elsgolc
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Calculus of Variations aims to provide an understanding of the basic notions and standard methods of the calculus of variations, including the direct methods of solution of the variational problems. The wide variety of applications of variational methods to different fields of mechanics and technology has made it essential for engineers to learn the fundamentals of the calculus of variations. The book begins with a discussion of the method of variation in problems with fixed boundaries. Subsequent chapters cover variational problems with movable boundaries and some other problems; sufficiency conditions for an extremum; variational problems of constrained extrema; and direct methods of solving variational problems. Each chapter is illustrated by a large number of problems some of which are taken from existing textbooks. The solutions to the problems in each chapter are provided at the end of the book.

  • Residuation Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • T. S. Blyth + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Residuation Theory aims to contribute to literature in the field of ordered algebraic structures, especially on the subject of residual mappings. The book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on ordered sets; directed sets; semilattices; lattices; and complete lattices. Chapter 2 tackles Baer rings; Baer semigroups; Foulis semigroups; residual mappings; the notion of involution; and Boolean algebras. Chapter 3 covers residuated groupoids and semigroups; group homomorphic and isotone homomorphic Boolean images of ordered semigroups; Dubreil-Jacotin and Brouwer semigroups; and lolimorphisms. The book is a self-contained and unified introduction to residual mappings and its related concepts. It is applicable as a textbook and reference book for mathematicians who plan to learn more about the subject.

  • Introduction to Set Theory and Topology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Kazimierz Kuratowski
    • I. S. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Introduction to Set Theory and Topology describes the fundamental concepts of set theory and topology as well as its applicability to analysis, geometry, and other branches of mathematics, including algebra and probability theory. Concepts such as inverse limit, lattice, ideal, filter, commutative diagram, quotient-spaces, completely regular spaces, quasicomponents, and cartesian products of topological spaces are considered. This volume consists of 21 chapters organized into two sections and begins with an introduction to set theory, with emphasis on the propositional calculus and its application to propositions each having one of two logical values, 0 and 1. Operations on sets which are analogous to arithmetic operations are also discussed. The chapters that follow focus on the mapping concept, the power of a set, operations on cardinal numbers, order relations, and well ordering. The section on topology explores metric and topological spaces, continuous mappings, cartesian products, and other spaces such as spaces with a countable base, complete spaces, compact spaces, and connected spaces. The concept of dimension, simplexes and their properties, and cuttings of the plane are also analyzed. This book is intended for students and teachers of mathematics.

  • Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets

    • 1st Edition
    • V. K. Saul'Yev
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 54: Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets deals with solving parabolic partial differential equations using the method of nets. The first part of this volume focuses on the construction of net equations, with emphasis on the stability and accuracy of the approximating net equations. The method of nets or method of finite differences (used to define the corresponding numerical method in ordinary differential equations) is one of many different approximate methods of integration of partial differential equations. The other methods, and some based on newer equations, are described. By analyzing these newer methods, older and existing methods are evaluated. For example, the asymmetric net equations; the alternating method of using certain equations; and the method of mean arithmetic and multi-nodal symmetric method point out that when the accuracy needs to be high, the requirements for stability become more defined. The methods discussed are very theoretical and methodological. The second part of the book concerns the practical numerical solution of the equations posed in Part I. Emphasis is on the commonly used iterative methods that are programmable on computers. This book is suitable for statisticians and numerical analysts and is also recommended for scientists and engineers with general mathematical knowledge.

  • Elements of Analytical Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolph Kurth
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Elements of Analytical Dynamics deals with dynamics, which studies the relationship between motion of material bodies and the forces acting on them. This book is a compilation of lectures given by the author at the Georgia and Institute of Technology and formed a part of a course in Topological Dynamics. The book begins by discussing the notions of space and time and their basic properties. It then discusses the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and Hamilton's principle and first integrals. The text concludes with a discussion on Jacobi's geometric interpretation of conservative systems. This book will be of direct use to graduate students of Mathematics with minimal background in Theoretical Mechanics.

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